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How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by heating?
On heating baking powder (NaHCO3), carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is evolved which turns limewater milky. Sodium carbonate and water vapour are also produced.
$2NaHCO_{3}\xrightarrow{heat} Na_{2} CO_{3} +H_{2} \uparrow +CO_{2} \uparrow $
While on heating washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O), the water of crystallization is given out and the salt becomes anhydrous. It does not produce Carbon dioxide.
$Na_{2} CO_{3} .10H_{2} O\xrightarrow{heat} Na_{2} CO_{\ 3} +10H_{2} O\uparrow $
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