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Introduction The field of organic chemistry is full of several acids considered to be safe for consumption by every human being. The acetic acid is one such chemical compound used in a large number of commercial products produced in several industries. The functional group of this acid is called methyl. Aim of the experiment Figure 1 − Structure of Acetic Acid Acetic acid plays a very significant role in the daily life of human being. They are very common as human consider this acid as part of their diet. The aim of this experiment is to test the amount ... Read More
Introduction Base has three different types of definitions in the field of chemistry. All these definitions conclude same meaning of base. Base gives out electrons in solvent medium hence develop positive charge or excess proton in its molecular structure. Structure of bases The structure of bases is very unique to one another as these tend to make a proper compound for reduction of concentration of acids. Base gives out a pair of electron to the dilute solution of acid. The entire element starts to see a high concentration of acid start to transition over a phase which very diluted by ... Read More
Introduction Beryllium and Lithium are different from by the means of physical and chemical properties. The main difference between them is, Beryllium is diamagnetic and exists in white grey colour, whereas Lithium is paramagnetic and exists in silvery grey metal. They form two different kinds of cations of divalent and monovalent. What is Beryllium? Beryllium is an alkaline earth metal with atomic number of 4. It can be represented with the chemical symbol of Be. In this universe, it is considered one of the rarest chemical elements. It has a white-grey colour. Figure 1 − Atomic structure of Lithium ... Read More
Introduction Boron family is important as; these elements play a major role in the ecosystem. They are essential for both plants and humans. For example, boron deficiency can stop plant growth while the excess amount of boron can inhibit the growth. Just like any other group, the boron family have some specific characteristics such as the pattern of electron configuration. What is Boron Family? The term boron family can refer to all the elements that belong to group 13. It is the first group in the p block of the periodic table. The periodic table and the position of the ... Read More
Introduction Many characteristics make the solution different from the Colloids. The properties can be the chemical nature or the light scattering tendency or even the particle solubility. Not only that but also many things such as the components particle size, nature, and filtration can differ from each other. Each type of mixture has its properties that help in the identification. What are Colloids? Colloids can be found in many things and many forms. The most common example of colloids is the water droplets in the fog. During the fog, those water molecules are dispersed in the gas. In daily life, ... Read More
Introduction Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT was first synthesised by Othmar Zeidler, an Austrian chemist in 1874. Paul Hermann Müller, a Swiss chemist discovered the insecticidal properties of DDTs in 1939. During World War II, it was used to prevent the spread of malaria, typhus and other insect-borne diseases among non-combatants and troops. It was also used to control the insect in crop and livestock production, homes, institutions, and gardens. What Is DDT? Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane or DDT is a chemical compound and the formula is $\mathrm{C_{14}H_{9}Cl_{5}}$. It is also called 1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane. Under standard temperature and pressure (STP), pure DDT ... Read More
What are Outliers? Outliers are the data points or observations which are far from the other points in a dataset. Outliers are caused due to measurement error, data entry error or experimental error etc. Outliers can skew the dataset which effects in statistical analysis and can increase the standard deviation of the dataset further effecting model prediction. An outlier may be a valid data point or can be noise. For a better understanding let us look at an example scenario. Imagine you are collecting data of student's height (age between 9 to 12 years). Most of the students are around ... Read More
What is a Higher Order Function in JavaScript? JavaScript being a multi paradigm language, it supports procedural programming, functional programming and object oriented programming. Since it is also a functional programming language javascript handles functions as a first class entities, where functions can be assigned to a variable, set it as an object's property, and can pass them as an argument to another function. This characteristic in javascript helps in implementing Higher Order Functions, which can operate on other functions either by taking them as an argument or by returning them. Let us take an example and implement it ... Read More
Introduction Data handling and data representation are the processes of collecting and presentation of data systematically. Data handling is the act of collecting a set of data and presenting it in various formats data handling. The act of collecting, maintaining, and presenting data in a way that facilitates analysis, forecasting, and decision-making is known as data handling. Here in this tutorial, we shall discuss in brief data handling, central tendencies, frequency tables, how to represent data in graphs, and examples related to data handling. What is Data Handling? The initial collection of observations is referred to as the raw data. ... Read More
Introduction Hess law was introduced by the Russian Chemist Doctor Germain Hess in the year 1840 where he formulated many principles of thermochemistry. Hess law is an effect of the first law of thermodynamics. But it exists as a single law because of its significance. The calculation of heat of reaction is involved in this law. The first law of thermodynamics states that the enthalpy difference in a particular reaction is equal to the quantity of energy absorbed or discharged during the reaction. Hess law also deals with the energy of a chemical reaction in which it does not depend ... Read More