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- Low Voltage Overload Protection
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- Classification of Hazard-Prone Areas
- Safety Measures Related to Gas/Ducts/Fibre material
- Classification of Temperature
- Protection Against Weather Complexities
- Safe Electrical Equipment Design Characteristics
- Test Certifications
- Procedure to Mark Unprotected Equipment
- Maintenance of Unprotected Equipment
- Duties and Obligations
- Primary Ex-protection
- Secondary Ex-Protection
- Precautions Against Highly Flammable Contents
- Safety Measures During Handling Lighting Protection Equipment
- Bonding
- Transformer Safety
- Motor Handling Safety
- Generator Handling Safety
- Crane Handling Safety
- Safety Measures During Preventive Maintenance
- Types of Safety Equipment
- Implications of Human Behaviour
- Do's and Don'ts at a Glance
- Electrical Safety Useful Resources
- Electrical Safety - Quick Guide
- Electrical Safety - Useful Resources
- Electrical Safety - Discussion
Electrical Safety - Indian Standards
In the field of electrical engineering, engineers and other professionals get exposed to electricity indirectly during generation, transportation, installation and usage. Such conditions might cause hazards if accurate safety measures are not taken.
To promote the safety and the right usage of equipment, there are certain rules and regulations formulated by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). BIS follows the following five principles −
- Safety
- Ease of use and adaptability
- Simple technology
- Value for money products
- Energy efficiency and environment
BIS has published the following code of practice for public safety standards in order to promote the right to information, transparency and accountability in a proper manner to the public.
Code of Practice for Electrical Wiring Installation
IS − 732 (1989)
Section − Electrical Installation
Application − Design of installation, selection and erection of equipment, inspection and testing of wiring system
Code of practice for Earthing
IS − 3043 (1987)
Section − Electrical Installation
Application − Design, installation and calculation of Earthing system
Lightning arrester for Alternating Current System
IS − 3070 (1993)
Section − Electro technical: Surge Arresters
Application − Identification, ratings, classification and testing procedure of Arrester
Let us now consider other important codes of practice established by BIS for the purpose of electrification. The codes are listed in the table below −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:900 Installation and maintenance of Induction motors |
| 2 | IS:1271 Classification of insulating materials for electrical machinery |
| 3 | IS:1646 Fire safety of buildings (general) electrical installation |
| 4 | IS:1882 Outdoor installation of Public Address System (PAS) |
| 5 | IS:1886 Installation and maintenance of Transformers |
| 6 | IS:1913 General and safety requirements of electric lighting fittings |
| 7 | IS:2032 Graphical symbols related to electrical technology |
| 8 | IS:2274 Electrical wiring installations where system voltage is more than 658 volts |
| 9 | IS:3034 Fire safety of industrial buildings (Electrical generation and distribution stations) |
| 10 | IS:3072 (part-1) Installation and maintenance of switchgear where system voltage is less than 1000 volts |
| 11 | IS:3106 Selection, installation and maintenance of fuse where system voltage is less than 650 volts |
| 12 | IS:3638 Guide for gas operated relays |
| 13 | IS:3646 Practice for interior illumination |
| 14 | IS:3716 Guide for insulation coordination |
| 15 | IS:3842 Guide for electrical relays for AC system |
| 16 | IS:4004 Guide for lightening arrestors (non-linear ) for AC system |
| 17 | IS:4146 Guide for voltage transformers |
| 18 | IS:4201 Guide for current transformers |
| 19 | IS:5571 Selection of electrical equipment in hazardous area |
| 20 | IS:5572 Types of hazardous areas for electrical installations |
| 21 | IS:5780 Intrinsically safe electrical apparatus and circuit |
| 22 | IS:5908 Measurement of electrical installations in buildings |
Switchgear
The following table lists down the codes of practice for the maintenance of switchgear −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:375 Making and arrangement for switchgear bus-bars, main connections and auxiliary winding |
| 2 | IS:694(part-1) PVC insulating cables with copper conductors (where voltage is up to 100v) |
| 3 | IS:1248 Direct acting electrical indicating instruments |
| 4 | IS:2147 Degrees of protections for enclosures for switchgear and control gear (low voltage) |
| 5 | IS:2208 Guide for HRC fuse (up to 650v) |
| 6 | IS:3202 Guide for climate proofing of electrical equipment |
| 7 | IS:3231 Guide for electrical relays of power system protection |
| 8 | IS:4047 Guide for heavy duty air break switches and fuses for voltage less than 1000v |
| 9 | IS:4237 Requirements for switchgears and control gears for voltage up to 1000v |
| 10 | IS:5987 Selection of switches where voltage is up to 1000v |
| 11 | IS:335 Insulating oil for transformers and switch gear |
| 12 | IS:2516(part-1,sec-2) AC circuit breakers (Tests for the voltage range 1000v to 11000v) |
| 13 | IS:3427 Metal enclosed switch gear and control gear for voltage within 1000v to 11000v |
| 14 | IS:722 AC electricity meters for 415 volts |
| 15 | IS:1951 PVC sleeving for electrical works |
| 16 | IS:2516(part-1sec-1 & part-2sec2) AC circuit breaker (Tests for voltage within 1000v) |
| 17 | IS:2419 Guide for dimension of electrical indicating instruments |
Motor Control Centre (MCC)
The following table lists down the codes of practice for the maintenance of Motor Control Centre −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:1554(part-1) PVC insulated heavy duty electric cables for the voltage up to 1100v |
| 2 | IS:1822 AC motor starters of voltage less than 1000v |
| 3 | IS:2959 AC contactors of voltage less than 1000v |
| 4 | IS:3961(part-2) Recommended current ratings for PVC insulated and PVC sheathed cables |
| 5 | IS:5124 Installation and maintenance of AC induction motor starters within 1000v |
| 6 | IS:2959 Guide for AC contactors of voltage less than 1000v |
Invertors
The following table lists down the codes of practice for the maintenance of invertors −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:391 Mains transformers for electronic equipment |
Transformers
The following table lists down the codes of practice for the maintenance of transformers −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:335 Insulating oil for transformer and switch gear |
| 2 | IS:2026 Power transformers |
| 3 | IS:2099 High voltage porcelain bushings |
| 4 | IS:3637 Gas operated relays |
| 5 | IS:3639 Fitting and accessories for power transformers |
Motors
The following table lists down the codes of practice for the maintenance of motors −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:325 3-ph induction motors |
| 2 | IS:4691 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for rotating machinery |
| 3 | IS:4722 Guide for rotating electrical machines |
Batteries
The following table lists down the codes of practice for the maintenance of batteries −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:1652 Guide for stationery cells and batteries, lead-acid type with plante positive plates |
Cables
The following table lists down the codes of practice for the maintenance of cables −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:1753 Aluminum conductors for insulated cables |
| 2 | IS:3961(part-2) Guide for current ratings for cable |
| 3 | IS:3975 Guide for mild steel wires, strips and tapes for armouring cables |
| 4 | IS:5819 Guide for short circuit ratings of high voltage cables |
| 5 | IS:5831 Guide for PVC insulation and sheath of electric cables |
Alternators
The following table lists down the codes of practice for the maintenance of alternators −
| General Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Sr. No. | Standards & Application |
| 1 | IS:7132 Guide for testing synchronous machines |
| 2 | IS:5422 Guide for turbine type generators |
| 3 | IS:7306 Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities |