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Articles by Mohd Mohtashim
Page 11 of 19
Built-in List Functions & Methods in Python
Python includes the following list functions −Sr.NoFunction with Description1cmp(list1, list2)Compares elements of both lists.2len(list)Gives the total length of the list.p>3max(list)Returns item from the list with max value.4min(list)Returns item from the list with min value.5list(seq)Converts a tuple into list.Python includes following list methodsSr.NoMethods with Description1list.append(obj)Appends object obj to list2list.count(obj)Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list3list.extend(seq)Appends the contents of seq to list4list.index(obj)Returns the lowest index in list that obj appears5list.insert(index, obj)Inserts object obj into list at offset index6list.pop(obj=list[-1])Removes and returns last object or obj from list7list.remove(obj)Removes object obj from list8list.reverse()Reverses objects of list in place9list.sort([func])Sorts objects of list, use ...
Read MoreBasic List Operations in Python
Lists respond to the + and * operators much like strings; they mean concatenation and repetition here too, except that the result is a new list, not a string.In fact, lists respond to all of the general sequence operations we used on strings in the prior chapter.Python ExpressionResultsDescriptionlen([1, 2, 3])3Length[1, 2, 3] + [4, 5, 6][1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]Concatenation['Hi!'] * 4['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!']Repetition3 in [1, 2, 3]TrueMembershipfor x in [1, 2, 3]: print x,1 2 3Iteration
Read MoreBuilt-in String Methods in Python
Python includes the following built-in methods to manipulate strings −Sr.NoFunction & Description1capitalize()Capitalizes first letter of string2center(width, fillchar)Returns a space-padded string with the original string centered to a total of width columns.3count(str, beg= 0, end=len(string))Counts how many times str occurs in string or in a substring of string if starting index beg and ending index end are given.4decode(encoding='UTF-8', errors='strict')Decodes the string using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default string encoding.5encode(encoding='UTF-8', errors='strict')Returns encoded string version of string; on error, default is to raise a ValueError unless errors is given with 'ignore' or 'replace'.6endswith(suffix, beg=0, end=len(string))Determines if string or ...
Read MoreString Special Operators in Python
Assume string variable a holds 'Hello' and variable b holds 'Python', then −Sr.NoOperator & DescriptionExample1+Concatenation - Adds values on either side of the operatora + b will give HelloPython2*Repetition - Creates new strings, concatenating multiple copies of the same stringa*2 will give-HelloHello3[]Slice - Gives the character from the given indexa[1] will give e4[ : ]Range Slice - Gives the characters from the given rangea[1:4] will give ell5inMembership - Returns true if a character exists in the given stringH in a will give 16not inMembership - Returns true if a character does not exist in the given stringM not in a ...
Read MoreLoop Control Statements in Python
Loop control statements change execution from its normal sequence. When execution leaves a scope, all automatic objects that were created in that scope are destroyed.Python supports the following control statements. Click the following links to check their detail.Let us go through the loop control statements brieflySr.NoOperator & Description1break statementTerminates the loop statement and transfers execution to the statement immediately following the loop.2continue statementCauses the loop to skip the remainder of its body and immediately retest its condition prior to reiterating.3pass statementThe pass statement in Python is used when a statement is required syntactically but you do not want any command ...
Read MoreData Type Conversion in Python
Sometimes, you may need to perform conversions between the built-in types. To convert between types, you simply use the type name as a function.There are several built-in functions to perform conversion from one data type to another. These functions return a new object representing the converted value.Sr.No.Function & Description1int(x [, base])Converts x to an integer. base specifies the base if x is a string.2long(x [, base] )Converts x to a long integer. base specifies the base if x is a string.3float(x)Converts x to a floating-point number.4complex(real [, imag])Creates a complex number.5str(x)Converts object x to a string representation.6repr(x)Converts object x to ...
Read MoreMultiple Statements in Python
Multiple Statements on a Single LineThe semicolon ( ; ) allows multiple statements on the single line given that neither statement starts a new code block. Here is a sample snip using the semicolon −import sys; x = 'foo'; sys.stdout.write(x + '')Multiple Statement Groups as SuitesA group of individual statements, which make a single code block are called suites in Python. Compound or complex statements, such as if, while, def, and class require a header line and a suite.Header lines begin the statement (with the keyword) and terminate with a colon ( : ) and are followed by one or more lines ...
Read MoreNumber Data Type in Python
Number data types store numeric values. Number objects are created when you assign a value to them. For example −var1 = 1var2 = 10You can also delete the reference to a number object by using the del statement. The syntax of the del statement is −del var1[, var2[, var3[...., varN]]]]You can delete a single object or multiple objects by using the del statement. For example −del vardel var_a, var_bPython supports four different numerical types −int (signed integers)long (long integers, they can also be represented in octal and hexadecimal)float (floating point real values)complex (complex numbers)ExamplesHere are some examples of numbers −intlongfloatcomplex1051924361L0.03.14j1051924361L0.03.14j100-0x19323L15.2015.20-7860122L-21.99.322e-36j0800xDEFABCECBDAECBFBAEl32.3+e18876j-0490535633629843L-90.-.6545+0J-0x260-052318172735L-32.54e1003e+26J0x69-4721885298529L70.2-E124.53e-7jPython ...
Read MoreQuotation in Python
Python accepts single ('), double (") and triple (''' or """) quotes to denote string literals, as long as the same type of quote starts and ends the string.The triple quotes are used to span the string across multiple lines. For example, all the following are legal −word = 'word' sentence = "This is a sentence." paragraph = """This is a paragraph. It is made up of multiple lines and sentences."""
Read MoreLines and Indentation in Python
Python provides no braces to indicate blocks of code for class and function definitions or flow control. Blocks of code are denoted by line indentation, which is rigidly enforced.The number of spaces in the indentation is variable, but all statements within the block must be indented the same amount. For example −if True: print "True" else: print "False"However, the following block generates an error −if True: print "Answer" print "True" else: print "Answer" print "False"Thus, in Python all the continuous lines indented with same number of spaces would form a block. The following example has various statement blocks −Note − ...
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