Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic InductionMichael Faraday (an English scientist) performed a series of experiments to demonstrate the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction and he summed up his conclusions into two laws, known as Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.First Law of Electromagnetic InductionThe first law states that "when a magnetic flux linking ... Read More

Hysteresis LossWhen a magnetic material is subjected to cycle of magnetisation (i.e. it is magnetised first in one direction and then in the other), a power loss occurs due to molecular friction in the material i.e. the magnetic domains of the material resist being turned first in one direction and ... Read More

When electric current is passed through a conductor, heat is generated in the conductor. This effect of electric current is known as heating effect of electric current.In practice, when electric current is passed through the element of an electric heater, the element of the heater becomes red hot, because the ... Read More

When a current carrying conductor is placed at right angles to a magnetic field, it is found that a force acts on the conductor in a direction perpendicular to the direction of both the magnetic field and the current.ExplanationConsider a straight conductor carrying a current of I amperes. If the ... Read More

An English electrical engineer and physicist Sir John Ambrose Fleming established two rules, known as Fleming's Left-Hand Rule and Fleming's Right-Hand Rule which are widely used in electrical machines.When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a mechanical force acts on the conductor. The direction this force ... Read More

Star (Wye) Connected SystemLet VR, VY and VB represents the three phase voltages while VRY, VYB and VBR represents the line voltages. Assume that the system is balanced, so$$\mathrm{\lvert\:V_{R}\rvert=\lvert\:V_{Y}\rvert=\lvert\:V_{B}\rvert=\lvert\:V_{ph}\rvert}$$From the circuit and phasor diagram of star connected load, it can be observed that the line voltage VRY is a vector ... Read More

Electric Power: DefinitionThe rate at which work is done in an electric circuit is known as electric power. In other words, the energy used per unit time in an electric circuit is called as electric power.Electric Power: FormulaAs, the electric power is the rate of doing work in an electric ... Read More

A voltmeter is a measuring instrument which is used to measure voltage across the two terminals in an electrical circuit.A voltmeter has a very high resistance and it is design in such a way that when connected in parallel to circuit for measuring voltage it does not take appreciable current, ... Read More

Depending on the applications and switching methods, the solid state relays (SSRs) are of following types −Instant ON Solid State RelayZero Switching Solid State RelayPeak Switching Solid State RelayAnalog Switching Solid State RelayInstant ON SSRsThe instant ON SSR instantly switches on the load circuit when a sufficient input voltage is ... Read More

The magnetic reluctance (S) is defined as the opposition offered by the magnetic circuit to the magnetic flux (ΦMagnetic Reluctance FormulaCase 1 – When physical dimensions of the magnetic circuit are knownThe reluctance of a magnetic circuit depends upon its length (l), cross-sectional area (a) and permeability (μ) of the ... Read More