Parse TreeParse tree is a hierarchical structure that defines the derivation of the grammar to yield input strings. In parsing, the string is derived using the start symbol. The root of the parse tree is that start symbol. It is the graphical description of symbols that can be terminals or ... Read More

LR Parser is a class of Bottom-Up Parser that is used to parse Context-Free Grammars. LR Parsing is known as LR (K) parsing. LR parser is a shift-reduce parser that creates the use of deterministic finite automata, identifying the collection of all applicable prefixes by reading the stack from bottom ... Read More

There are three types of LR Parsers which are as follows −Simple LR Parser (SLR) − SLR represents "Simple LR Parser". It is very easy and costeffective to execute. But it fails to make a parsing table for some class of grammars, i.e., why CLR and LALR are used which ... Read More

The translation of the source code into the object code for the target machine, a compiler can produce a middle-level language code, which is referred to as intermediate code or intermediate text. There are three types of intermediate code representation are as follows −Postfix NotationIn postfix notation, the operator comes ... Read More

In postfix notation, the operator appears after the operands, i.e., the operator between operands is taken out & is attached after operands.Example1 − Translate a ∗ d − (b + c) into Postfix form.Solutionad ∗ bc + −Example2 − Convert a + (b ∗⊝ c) is in Postfix form.SolutionHere ⊝ ... Read More

Intermediate code can translate the source program into the machine program. Intermediate code is generated because the compiler can’t generate machine code directly in one pass. Therefore, first, it converts the source program into intermediate code, which performs efficient generation of machine code further. The intermediate code can be represented ... Read More

A syntax-directed translation scheme is a context-free grammar in which attributes are related to the grammar symbol and semantic actions enclosed within braces ({ }). These semantic actions are the subroutines that are known by the parser at the suitable time for translation. The location of the semantic actions on ... Read More

There are two types of Syntax directed translation schemes which are as follows −Synthesized TranslationIn this translation, values of variables on L.H.S of a production rule depend on the value of the variable on R.H.S of production rule.For Example, E → E(1) + E(2)     {E. VAL = E(1). VAL ... Read More

In syntax directed translation, along with the grammar it can identify some informal notations and these notations are known as as semantic rules.After implementing the Semantic Analysis, the source program is modified to an intermediate form.There is some information that is required by the Intermediate code generation phase to convert ... Read More

SolutionComputation of FIRSTE → E + T|TSince FIRST (E) does not contain ε.∴ FIRST (E) = FIRST(E + T) = FIRST(E)As, E → T∴ FIRST (E) = {FIRST(T)}                                       (1)T → T ... Read More