MIME represents Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions. It is a development to the Internet email protocol that enables its users to exchange several kinds of data files over the Internet, including images, audio, and video.The MIME is required if the text in character sets other than the American Standard Code for ... Read More

ATM transfers data in fixed-size units are known as cells. Each cell includes 53 octets or bytes, as shown in the figure. The first 5 bytes contain cell-header data, and the remaining 48 include the payload (user information).Small, fixed-length cells are well appropriated to transfer voice and video traffic due ... Read More

Following are some of the services offered by the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to the processes at the application layer:Stream Delivery Service.Sending and Receiving Buffers.Bytes and Segments.Full Duplex ServiceConnection Oriented Service.Reliable Service.All the above mentioned TCP services are explained below in detail.Stream Delivery ServiceTCP is a stream-oriented protocol. It enables ... Read More

Circuit SwitchingIn this approach, there is a dedicated route between sender and receiver. Before the link is determined in the circuit switching approach, the dedicated route will continue until the connection is eliminated.Message SwitchingMessage Switching is an approach in which a message is sent as a whole unit and routed ... Read More

Packet switching merges the benefit of the message and circuit switching. Long messages are divided into smaller units known as packets.A question appears as to how the network will manage this flow of packets as it tries to path them through the network and transfer them to the planned designation. ... Read More

In message switching, the sending device joins the destination location to the communication and develops it to the network. The message is then generated by the web from one node to the other node, because it arrives at the predetermined destination.Each switching hub gets a message, stores it momentarily and ... Read More

Circuit Switching is a dedicated connection path between the sending and receiving devices. The dedicated route is a connected series of connections between the switching nodes.A traditional mobile network, where a dedicated route is established between the caller and the called party for the span of a mobile call, is ... Read More

When a client creates the web or another computer network which is external to their current position, the messages are transmitted by the transmission media web. This method of shifting the data from one computer network to another network is called data switching.Switches can be called as an advanced form ... Read More

The Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is done only in fiber optic channels. In WDM, several light waves from multiple sources are connected by using a prism to form a composite light signal sent across the medium.At the receiver end, the hybrid light is broken down into different light waves, and ... Read More

The electromagnetic waves having frequencies from 300 GHz to 400 THz (wavelengths from 1mm to 770 nm) are referred to as infrared (IR) waves. IR uses line-of-sight propagation.Infrared light is a transmission channel whose features are necessarily different from those of the radio frequencies. A fundamental property of infrared light ... Read More