There are various types of Parallelism in Computer Architecture which are as follows −Available and Utilized ParallelismParallelism is the most important topics in computing. Architectures, compilers, and operating frameworks have been striving for more than two decades to extract and use as much parallelism as available to speed up computation.Available ... Read More

Concurrency ExecutionIt is the sensual behavior of the N-Client I-Server model where one client is served at any provided moment. This model has dual characteristics. It is sequential on a small time scale, but together on a rather large time scale.In this method, the elementary problem is how the competing ... Read More

There are three different layers of abstraction in computer system such as the concrete architecture at the system level, the abstract and concrete architecture at the processor level, and the abstract and concrete architecture at the micro-machine level. Let us discuss each level one by one.Concrete Architecture of Computer SystemsAt ... Read More

The shortest path routing algorithm is an extensively set up non-adaptive routing algorithm that routes a packet dependent on Dijkstra's important shortest path algorithm. In this methodology, packets that appear at a node take one of the shortest paths to a specific destination on the system.The shortcoming of this manner ... Read More

ATM is a connection-oriented network at a point where the sender or user which access devices are known as end-point, these end-points connected through a user to network interface (UNI) to the switches on the network, these switches provide a network to network interface (NNI).The architecture of the ATM is ... Read More

An ultimate form of multiplexing used in parts of the cellular telephone system and for some satellite communication is called Code Division Multiplexing (CDM). The specific version of CDM used in cell phones is called Code Division Multi-Access (CDMA).CDM does not rely on physical properties, including frequency or time. It ... Read More

A transmission system is classified as asynchronous if the system enables the physical channel to be useless for an arbitrary time between two transmissions. The asynchronous design of communication is well-appropriated to applications that create data at random (e.g., a user classifying on a keyboard or a user that press ... Read More

The alternative to parallel transmission, called serial transmission, sends one bit at a time. With the importance of speed, it may seem that anyone designing a data communications system would choose parallel transmission. However, most communication systems use serial mode.Following are the two main reasons for serial transmission−First, serial networks ... Read More

FDDI stands for Fiber Distributed Data Interface. It is a collection of ANSI and ISO standards for data transmission on fiber-optic lines in a local area network (LAN) that can broaden in the range up to 200 km (124 miles). The FDDI protocol depends on the token ring protocol.FDDI cabling ... Read More

The error-reporting message defines that the router encounters a problem when it processes an IP packet, then it reports a message. Error messages are continually transmitted to the original source because the only data possible in the datagram around the route is the source and destination IP addresses.The error reporting ... Read More