In data transfer schemes, it can provide an efficient means of transmitting data between the processing unit and the I/O devices. In a computer, the data transfer happens between any of these combinations CPU and memory, CPU and I/O devices, and memory and I/O devices.A computer is interfaced with many ... Read More

ASCII represents American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is the standard binary code used to represent alphanumeric characters. Alphanumeric characters are used for the transfer of information to and from the I/O devices and the computer. This standard helps seven bits to code 128 characters. However, there is an ... Read More

The Booth multiplication algorithm defines a multiplication algorithm that can multiply two signed binary numbers in two’s complement. This algorithm helps in the study of computer architecture.Booth’s algorithm contains the addition of one of two predetermined values (A and S) to a product (P) continually and then implementing a rightward ... Read More

An algorithm to multiply two numbers is known as the multiplication algorithm. The hardware multiply algorithm is used in digital electronics such as computers to multiply binary digits. The figure shows the flowchart for the hardware multiply algorithm.In the flowchart shown in the figure, the multiplicand is in Y and ... Read More

Binary numbers are subtracted by performing two’s complement on the subtrahend. Two’s complement is done through the following steps −Complement every digit. That is, change 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.Add 1 to the output.The following example illustrates the subtraction operation of binary digits using the above-mentioned steps.Example: 11101011 ... Read More

The addition of binary numbers is easy yet tedious at the same time. It is a fundamental feature of digital computers, and hence it is important to know how to add binary digits.Almost all the operations of a computer depend on binary addition. Once we understand the addition of two ... Read More

RISCRISC represents Reduced Instruction Set Computer. In Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture, the instruction set of the computer is simplified to reduce the execution time. RISC has a small set of instructions, which generally include register-to-register operations. In RISC, all instructions have simple register addressing and hence use less ... Read More

RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer. In Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture, the instruction set of the computer is simplified to reduce the execution time. RISC has a small set of instructions, which generally include register-to-register operations.Thus, data is stored in processor registers for computations, and results of ... Read More

CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. It comprises a complex instruction set. It incorporates a variable-length instruction format. Instructions that require register operands can take only two bytes.The instructions that require two memory addresses can take five bytes to include the complete instruction code. Thus, CISC has a variable-length ... Read More

Program interrupt defines the transfer of program control from a currently running program to another service program as a result of an external or internal created request. Control returns to the initial program after the service program is implemented.There are three major types of program interrupts that are as follows ... Read More