Introduction Agricultural research has come a long way over the years, with the advent of new technologies and methods. One such method is Advanced Backcross Quantitative Trait Locus (AB-QTL) analysis, which has revolutionized the field of plant breeding. AB-QTL analysis is a powerful tool used to identify the genetic basis ... Read More

Introduction Genes are the building blocks of life, and they determine everything from the color of our eyes to our susceptibility to diseases. Two of the most well-known and widely studied gene systems are the Trp and Lac operons. These operons are involved in regulating the expression of genes in ... Read More

Introduction As one of the central molecules of life, RNA plays a vital role in the transfer of genetic information from DNA to proteins. While DNA serves as a blueprint for building an organism, RNA acts as a messenger that carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, ... Read More

Introduction The translation is a process by which the genetic information contained in the mRNA (messenger RNA) is decoded to produce a protein. The process of translation is a complex mechanism that occurs in every living cell and is essential for the proper functioning of the organism. It is a ... Read More

Introduction Translation and post-translational modifications (PTMs) are two essential processes that play a critical role in the production and function of proteins in living cells. Translation is the process by which the genetic information encoded in the messenger RNA (mRNA) is converted into a functional protein. PTMs are covalent modifications ... Read More

Introduction Transcription factors are proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to specific sequences of DNA in a cell’s nucleus. They play an essential role in the process of transcription, which is the first step in the expression of genetic information. In this tutorial, we will explore the different types ... Read More

Introduction The genetic code is the set of rules that determine the correspondence between nucleotide triplets (codons) and the amino acids they specify. In the language of genetics, the Stop codon or termination codon is a nucleotide triplet in mRNA that signals the end of the protein-coding sequence. Stop codons ... Read More

Introduction and History The membrane is an essential component of every living cell, which separates the cell from its external environment and provides a barrier to the free movement of molecules. The discovery of the cell membrane is attributed to the experiments of Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek in ... Read More

Introduction Protein synthesis is a fundamental process that occurs in all living organisms. It involves the production of proteins from the genetic information encoded in DNA. The process of protein synthesis involves multiple steps, one of which is the initiation of translation. The initiation of translation is regulated by a ... Read More

Introduction Transcription is a process that takes place in all living organisms, where genetic information in the form of DNA is converted into a functional molecule of RNA. RNA is a polymer of nucleotides that plays a key role in the synthesis of proteins. Transcription is the first step in ... Read More