Found 9 Articles for The p-Block Elements

Introduction Boron family is important as; these elements play a major role in the ecosystem. They are essential for both plants and humans. For example, boron deficiency can stop plant growth while the excess amount of boron can inhibit the growth. Just like any other group, the boron family have some specific characteristics such as the pattern of electron configuration. What is Boron Family? The term boron family can refer to all the elements that belong to group 13. It is the first group in the p block of the periodic table. The periodic table and the position of the ... Read More

Introduction Phosphine is prepared in laboratory scale by using white phosphorus, Sodium Hydroxide followed by warming under inactive environment of the CO2. Phosphine is naturally found in human urine, blood, and saliva. It has several industrial applications as well as some health hazards facts. Information regarding Phosphine Phosphine is considered one of the toxic and flammable elements French chemist discovered Phosphine by heating phosphorous $\mathrm{(P_{4})}$ in the presence of aqueous solution of Potassium Carbonate. The experiment resulted in a colourless gas with fishy odour. Phosphine is considered a vital element in biochemical lifecycle. The chemical properties of the element are ... Read More

Introduction Chlorine Trifluoride (ClF3) is highly combustible and explosive. During the time of World War II, the Nazis took an interest in ClF3 to make powerful bombs. However, the production was reduced once they came to know about its volatile and reactive nature. That is the main reason, after the war, it was never used in combat. ClF3 is banned under the Chemical Weapons Convention because of its destructive nature and even its production has a limit up to 30 tons. What is Chlorine Trifluoride? In the 1930s, two scientists Otto Ruff and H. Krug, came up with a liquid ... Read More

Introduction Chlorine gas is a green yellowish gas having the chemical structure Cl2. Cl–Cl is famously known as the element form of chlorine. It consists of a structure that consists of two chlorine atoms connected by a covalent connection. It is seen that both atoms have sp3 orientation. The meaning of this structure refers to that it has a tetrahedral structure.It has a specific chemical structure and formula which will be described below. What is Chlorine gas? Chlorine is a stifling greenish-yellow gas with a foul odor. It can be liquefied around 35°C and is water soluble to a degree. ... Read More

Introduction Sulphur naturally occurs near volcanoes and massive deposits in Texas and Louisiana in the USA. Sulphur helps in preparing batteries, detergents, and fungicides, manufacture of fertilizers, gunpowder, matches and fireworks. In chemical and pharmaceutical industries, the chemical compound is used to make stronger and first resistant concrete materials. What is Sulphur? Sulphur in nature is present as sulphides and has several vital ores such as chalcopyrite, bornite, pentlandite, millerite and molybdenite. Sulphide minerals that are formed from sulphur include pyrite and marcasite are iron sulphide, and stibnite is antimony sulphide. Figure 1 − Allotropic forms of Sulphur The ... Read More

Introduction Boron has been widely employed in a variety of sectors as well as applications, ranging from automotive, as well as healthcare to construction, including aerospace, as a wonder element with extraordinary physical qualities. Its importance in innovative food security, and energy solutions, for decarbonization, is becoming more widely acknowledged. Boron is a chemical element with the symbol B as well as the atomic no. 5. At normal temperature, boron is a metalloid in its solid state. Amorphous metalloids are brown powders, whereas crystalline metalloids are dark brittle metalloids. Boron can form covalent bonds because it has 3 valence electrons, ... Read More

Introduction Uses and applications of the noble gases are very important aspect of chemistry to understand the contribution of these elements in our daily life. Noble gases behave like pure non-metallic compounds, as these are colourless and odourless gases with low melting and boiling points. In the liquid form, these elements are not good conductors of electricity. The condition for noble gases to exist in their gaseous form is at standard temperature and pressure. The general configuration of the noble gases is considered as $\mathrm{ns^2np^6}$. The noble gases generally have a very stable electronic configuration that helps them to ... Read More

Introduction The allotropes of phosphorus are found in different allotropic forms. The main allotropes of phosphorus include the white phosphorus, red phosphorus and black phosphorus. In addition to this, there is also the existence of violet phosphorus. The black phosphorus is black in colour while the white phosphorus bears yellowish colour and red phosphorus has red colour. Allotropes of Phosphorus Allotropy is called the science of occurrence of an element in multiple or more than one physical shape. Here allotropes refer to different types of physical shapes of the same element. It is seen that allotropes is the property of ... Read More

Introduction The electronic configuration for elements from Boron family have outer-shell electronic configuration as $\mathrm{ns^2np^1}$. The existence of nd electrons, however, causes differences in the characteristics of the first two elements (B and Al) and the remainder of the elements from Ga onwards. The electronic configuration of Group 13 elements is shown in the table below. Thus, boron $\mathrm{(1s^2)}$ has 2 electrons in the outermost shell, aluminium $\mathrm{(2s^22p^6)}$ has 8 electrons, and the remaining elements have 18 electrons $\mathrm{(ns^2np^6nd^{10})}$. ElementsElectronic Configuration Boron (B)$\mathrm{[He] 2s^2 \:2p^1}$ Aluminium (Al)$\mathrm{[Ne] 3s^2\:3p^1}$ Gallium (Ga)$\mathrm{[Ar] 3d^{10}\: 4s^2\: 4p^1}$ Indium (In)$\mathrm{[Kr] 4d^{10}\: 5s^2 \:5p^1}$ Thallium ... Read More