Induction Heating FurnaceAn electrical furnace in which the heat is produced by induction heating of metal, is called the induction heating furnace. The induction heating furnaces have the capacities range from less than 1 kg to 100 tons and are used to melt various metals like iron, copper, aluminium, etc.Direct Core Type Induction FurnaceThe schematic diagram of a direct horizontal core type induction heating furnace is shown in the figure below.It works on the transformer action in which the charge to be heated forms a single-turn short-circuited secondary winding and it is magnetically coupled to the primary winding through iron ... Read More

An electric furnace is the furnace that heats materials by means of an electric arc is called the electric arc furnace (EAF).Direct Arc FurnaceThe direct arc furnace is the one in which the electric arc is struck between the electrode and the charge, to be heated, so that the arc current flows through the charge and there is a direct contact between the arc and the charge.In case of direct electric arc furnace, the heating process is faster and the heating efficiency is also high. In addition to the arc heating, some additional heat is produced by the passes of ... Read More

Metal Inert Gas (MIG) WeldingThe metal inert gas (MIG) welding is an electric arc welding process in which a continuous solid wire electrode is heated and fed into the weld pool from a welding gun. In case of MIG welding process, inert gas such as argon, helium, etc. is used as shielding gas to protect the weld pool from the atmospheric contamination.Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) WeldingThe tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is also an arc welding process in which the electric arc is struck between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece. TIG welding is also known as Gas Tungsten ... Read More

Fusion WeldingThe welding process that uses heat to join (or fuse) two or more materials by heating them to their melting point is known as fusion welding. The fusion welding process may or may not require the use of filler material for welding. Examples of the fusion welding are arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, etc.Solid State WeldingThe welding process in which two workpieces are joined under a pressure providing an intimate contact between them and at a temperature essentially below the melting point of the base materials is known as solid state welding. The materials being joined without the ... Read More

Coreless Induction FurnaceCoreless induction furnace, also known as high frequency induction furnace, is a refractory lined vessel surrounded by an electrically energized, current carrying, water-cooled copper coil. As its name implies, no core is provided in the coreless induction furnace.The electric current in the copper coil forms an electromagnetic field, generating heat energy that melts the charge.Construction of Coreless Induction FurnaceThe schematic diagram of a coreless type induction furnace is shown in the figure below.It has the following three main parts viz −Primary windingSecondary winding − The ceramic crucible containing the charge forms the secondary winding.Frame of the furnace − ... Read More

The process of heating in which a high-frequency alternating electric field or radio waves or microwave electromagnetic radiation are used to heat the dielectric materials is known as dielectric heating.Applications of Dielectric HeatingSince the dielectric heating is an expensive method of heating, therefore, it is only used where other methods of heating are not possible. Some of the applications of the dielectric heating are described as follows −Plastic IndustryThe plastic is used for making many appliances. If the pre-heating of the plastic is uniform, then the molding of plastic becomes faster and fault free. This pre-heating of the plastic is ... Read More

Induction Heating FurnaceAn electrical furnace in which the heat is produced by induction heating of metal, is called the induction heating furnace. The induction heating furnaces have the capacities range from less than 1 kg to 100 tons and are used to melt various metals like iron, copper, aluminium, etc.Vertical Core Type Induction FurnaceThe schematic diagram of the vertical core type induction furnace is shown in the figure below.The vertical core type induction furnace is also known as Ajax-Wyatt Furnace.This furnace has a vertical crucible instead of a horizontal one (as in case direct core type induction furnace) for the ... Read More

Coated ElectrodeA coated electrode is made of a metallic wire (called core wire) coated uniformly with flux material. While fluxing, the electrode about 20 mm of its length is left bare at one end for mounting it into the electrode holder. The flux material used for coating of the electrode is a bad conductor of electricity.Coated electrodes are used these days because the flux coated on the core wire is composed of special element which protects both the arc and the weld metal that passes through range of liquid action and solidification during welding.Advantages of Coated ElectrodesThe coated electrodes are ... Read More

When the two-phase AC electrical power is transmitted through the underground cables from the generating station to the consumers, then the transmission system is called the underground two-phase AC system of transmission.Depending upon the number of conductors used, the underground two-phase AC system is classified into two types viz −Two-phase three-Wire AC SystemTwo-phase four-wire AC SystemConductor Material Required in Underground Two-Phase Three-Wire AC SystemFigure-1 shows the circuit diagram of the underground two-phase three-wire AC system of electric power transmission.Let us consider that the maximum voltage between the outer conductors is $\mathit{V_{\mathit{m}}}$. Then, the maximum voltage between any one outer wire ... Read More

Underground Three Phase AC SystemWhen the three phase AC electric power is transmitted through the underground cables, then the system of electric power transmission is called the underground three phase AC system.Depending upon the number of conductors used, the underground three-phase AC system of electric power transmission is classified into two types −Three-Phase Three-Wire SystemThree-Phase Four-Wire SystemConductor Material Required in Underground Three-Phase Three-Wire SystemThe circuit diagram of the underground 3-phase 3-wire AC system is shown in Figure-1. In this system, the three line conductors are taken from the three phase windings of the alternator.Let the maximum value of voltage between ... Read More