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Page 15 of 19
Electric Arc Welding: Working Principle, Types, and Applications
What is Electric Arc Welding?The process of welding in which heat is produced by creating an electric arc to join metal workpieces is known as electric arc welding.Electric arc welding is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between a metal stick, called electrode, and the workpiece to melt the metals at the point of contact.Electric arc welding can use either DC supply or AC supply and a consumable or non-consumable electrode.Working Principle of Electric Arc WeldingThe process of electric arc welding is based on the principle that, when electric current is ...
Read MoreElectric Arc Furnace: Working Principle & Types
Electric Arc FurnaceAn electric furnace is the furnace that heats materials by means of an electric arc is called an electric arc furnace (EAF). Electric arc furnaces are mainly used for melting or extracting of ferrous or non-ferrous metals which need a high temperature operation. The electric arc furnace produces an electric arc which gives an arc temperature between 3000 °C and 3500 °C on L.T. (Low Tension) operation.Basically, the electric arc is nothing but the flow electric current through an air gap between two conducting electrodes.Working of Electric Arc FurnaceFrom the working of an electric arc furnace simply means ...
Read MoreDielectric Heating: Working Principle and Advantages
What is Dielectric Heating?The process of heating in which a high-frequency alternating electric field or radio waves or microwave electromagnetic radiation are used to heat the dielectric materials is known as dielectric heating.Dielectric heating is also known as electronic heating, radio frequency (R.F.) heating, high frequency heating and diathermy.Dielectric heating is mainly used for heating of insulators like wood, plastics and ceramics, etc. which cannot be heated easily and uniformly by the other methods of heating.The frequency of the input supply required for dielectric heating ranges from 10 MHz to 15 MHz and the applied voltage is 20 kV.Principle of ...
Read MoreDifferences between Forehand Welding and Backhand Welding
During the welding process by the gas welding or arc welding, the gas flame or electric arc can be moved towards the direction of weld progression or opposite to the direction of the weld progression. Depending upon the direction of the move of flame or arc with respect to the weld bead, the welding techniques can be classified into two types viz −Forehand WeldingBackhand WeldingForehand WeldingThe gas or arc welding technique in which the flame or electrode advances in the direction of the weld progression is known as forehand welding. It is also known as push welding or forward welding. ...
Read MoreTemperature Control of Resistance Furnaces
There are various methods to control the temperature of the resistance heating at certain selected points in a furnace or oven, as per certain limits. The temperature control of resistance heating may be required in order to hold the furnace temperature constant or to vary it as per the requirements and it can be carried out manually or automatically.In case resistance furnaces or ovens, the developed heat is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{H}\:=\:\mathit{I^{\mathrm{2}}Rt}\:=\:\frac{\mathit{V^{\mathrm{2}}}\mathit{t}}{\mathit{R}}}$$Therefore, the temperature of resistance furnaces can be controlled by any of the following methods −By intermittent switching or ON-OFF ControlBy changing circuit configurationBy varying the applied voltageBy varying number ...
Read MoreDesign of Heating Element
The device which receives electrical energy as input and converts it into the heat energy is known as a heating element.The wire employed for the heating element may be circular or rectangular. By determining the electrical input and its voltage, the size (or diameter) and length of the wire required as the heating element to produce the given temperature can be calculated.Design of Heating ElementConsider the heating element is in the circular shape. Therefore, the length and diameter of the heating element can be calculated as follows −According to the Stefan's law, the heat dissipated is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{H}\:=\:5.72\:\mathit{Ke}\mathrm{\left [ ...
Read MoreCoreless Induction Furnace: Construction, Working, Advantages, Applications
Coreless Induction FurnaceCoreless induction furnace, also known as high frequency induction furnace, is a refractory lined vessel surrounded by an electrically energized, current carrying, water-cooled copper coil. As its name implies, no core is provided in the coreless induction furnace.The electric current in the copper coil forms an electromagnetic field, generating heat energy that melts the charge.Construction of Coreless Induction FurnaceThe schematic diagram of a coreless type induction furnace is shown in the figure below.It has the following three main parts viz −Primary windingSecondary winding − The ceramic crucible containing the charge forms the secondary winding.Frame of the furnace − ...
Read MoreShielded Metal Arc Welding: Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications
Shielded Metal Arc WeldingThe shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a type of electric arc welding in which coalescences of metals is produced by heat from an electric arc created between the tip of a consumable electrode and the surface of the base material at point of welding.The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is also known as manual metal arc welding (MMAW), flux shielded arc welding or stick welding. The shielded metal arc welding is a manual arc welding process which uses a consumable electrode coated in flux to lay the weld. An electric current, either AC or DC, is ...
Read MoreMaterials Used for Heating Elements and the Causes of their Failure
Materials Used for Heating ElementAn electric heating element is a device which converts electrical energy input into heat energy output. No single element, metallic or non-metallic, is used for designing the heating elements. Different alloys have been tried to obtain different temperature. The various heating alloys are given as follows −The alloys commonly used for low and medium temperature services are −Alloy of Nickel and Chromium, where Ni = 80 % and Cr = 20%. The Ni-Cr alloy is suitable for temperature up to 1200 °C.Alloy of Nickel, Chromium and Iron, where Ni = 65%, Cr = 15% and Fe ...
Read MoreIndirect Core Type Induction Furnace: Construction & Working Principle
Induction Heating FurnaceAn electrical furnace in which the heat is produced by induction heating of metal, is called the induction heating furnace. The induction heating furnaces have the capacities range from less than 1 kg to 100 tons and are used to melt various metals like iron, copper, aluminium, etc.Indirect Core Type Induction FurnaceThe indirect core type induction furnace works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (mutual inductance). The schematic of an indirect core type induction furnace is shown in the figure below.In this type of induction furnace, a heating element is heated by induction, which transfers ...
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