Found 17 Articles for Microbial/Industrial Biotechnology

Introduction Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction or partitioning, is a widely used separation technique in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental industries. The technique involves the separation of a mixture of two or more liquids, based on their relative solubilities in two immiscible liquids, typically an organic solvent and an aqueous solution. LLE can be used for a variety of purposes, including the removal of impurities, the concentration of a desired product, or the isolation of specific compounds from a complex mixture. The given topic provides an overview of the principles, techniques, and applications of liquid-liquid extraction. ... Read More

Introduction Enzymes are complex biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in many metabolic pathways in the body, including digestion, energy production, and DNA replication. Because of their specificity and efficiency, enzymes have found numerous industrial applications, from food and beverage processing to the production of biofuels and pharmaceuticals. However, enzymes are often unstable and sensitive to environmental conditions, which can limit their usefulness in industrial settings. To address this issue, immobilized enzyme-based bioreactors have been developed, which allow for the continuous and controlled use of enzymes in various applications. What is an ... Read More

Introduction Food drying is an ancient technique that has been used for centuries to preserve food. It involves removing the moisture from the food, which in turn, prevents the growth of bacteria and mold. Drying food not only extends the shelf life of food but also helps to retain the nutritional value and flavour of food Explained below are the purpose of food drying, methods of food drying, and the pros and cons of drying food. Purpose of Food Drying Food drying serves the primary purpose of extending the shelf life of food. When moisture is removed from food, bacteria, ... Read More

Introduction Drying is an essential unit operation in bioprocess engineering that involves the removal of moisture or water from a product. In bioprocessing, drying is a critical step because it helps to preserve the quality and stability of the product, prevent microbial growth, and enhance shelf-life. Addressed below are the mechanism of drying in bioprocesses, including the different types of drying, and their applications in various industries. Drying Mechanisms The drying mechanism involves the transfer of moisture from a product to the surrounding environment through a process known as diffusion. Diffusion occurs as a result of the concentration gradient between ... Read More

Introduction Distillation is a process used to separate and purify different components of a mixture. It is one of the most important techniques used in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and many other industries. Distillation is based on the principle of differences in boiling points of the components of a mixture. It involves heating the mixture and then cooling the vapor to condense it into separate components. Definition of Distillation Distillation is a process that involves separating and purifying the components of a mixture by heating and cooling. It is a physical separation technique used to separate components of a liquid mixture based ... Read More

Introduction Bioreactors are essential devices in biotechnology for the production of a range of products, including vaccines, antibiotics, biofuels, enzymes, and proteins. Bioreactors are closed systems that provide a controlled environment for the growth of microorganisms or cells. The design of bioreactors depends on the type of product, the type of microorganism, and the scale of production. Types of Bioreactors Bioreactors can be classified into different types based on their design, mode of operation, and application. The following are the main types of bioreactors − Stirred-Tank Bioreactor Stirred-tank bioreactors are the most common type of bioreactors used in industrial ... Read More

Introduction Bioadsorption is the process of removal of pollutants or toxins from a liquid or gaseous medium using biological materials. It is an effective, economical, and eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods of adsorption. Bioadsorption has been widely studied for its potential applications in wastewater treatment, removal of heavy metals, and environmental remediation. It is a complex process that involves interactions between the adsorbent material and the target pollutant. The content below provides an overview of bioadsorption, including its mechanisms, types, applications, and future prospects. Mechanisms of Bioadsorption The mechanisms of bioadsorption can be classified into two categories: physical and chemical. ... Read More