Found 47 Articles for Environmental Science

Introduction On Earth, the existence of life forms took more than 4, 000 million years to occur. It took various chemical reactions on the earth's surface to have life forms on it. The real change occurred more than 600 million years ago when tremendous growth in life forms was seen on earth. Human beings are not too old; they have a history of a few million years back when they came into existence on earth. However, the conditions on earth have always been more or less suitable for human beings and hence it found supportive life conditions on the ... Read More

Introduction Information technology is a powerful tool to study, protect and save the environment from degrading. IT helps to gather various forms of data about the environment which helps scientists identify key areas that need attention. It also tells how the environmental factors must be conserved and which areas need immediate attention. The Internet, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and information obtained via satellite have the potential to save the environment and let them flourish on a large scale. Here are some information on the use of IT for the environment. Role of IT for the Environment Database on Environment System ... Read More

Introduction Population explosion refers to the rapid rise of population in a given area. For example, in India, the growth of the population has been phenomenal. As a result, it is hard for the Indian economy to cope with the problem. However, population explosion or overpopulation does not impact the economy only. It affects lifestyle, medical conditions, and how people cope with the environment as well. Although the human population has been increasing forever, the term population explosion became popular during the 20th century when the industrial revolution and other factors made it possible for the home sapiens to ... Read More

Introduction Nature has gifted India with many biodiversity hotspots that are enriched with notable flora and fauna. Out of a total of 36 hotspots of biodiversity in the world, four are officially located in India which are the Himalayas, the Indo-Burma region, the Sundaland, and the Western Ghats. To this list, we may add Sundarbans and the Terrai- Duar Savannah grasslands to make the count six. Here are the descriptions of these six biodiversity hotspots of India. The Himalayas When one goes northwards in India, up the Himalayas, he/she will see a notable climate change along with a continuously diverse ... Read More

Introduction India’s burgeoning population and its growth have been a much long problem for the country. India launched a family welfare programme to reduce the growing population in 1951 which was the first such programme initiated by any country. In 1997, the National Family welfare programme was changed to Reproductive and Child Health. Family welfare programmes are meant to offer better healthcare to women and children with an aim of stabilizing the growth of the population. There are many such programmes offered by the government in India. This tutorial discusses women’s health, children’s well-being, and other such issues. It offers ... Read More

Introduction The Environment Protection Act (EPA) was enacted by the government of India in 1986. The aim and objective of this act are to conserve, protect and improve the environment. As the environment degrades due to pollution and human interference, the act intends to limit them by the application of pollution control and other environmental protection measures. The EPA is one of the most important acts passed by the government to contain the destruction of the ecosystems in India. The law encompasses various measures to stop pollution, offers authoritative significance to check the destruction of the environment, and offers ... Read More

Introduction For human health and well-being, a clean environment is necessary. However, at the same time, the environment can work as a stressor as well. For example, a polluted environment affects health negatively. Climate change is also affecting human health negatively. Climate change leads to heatwaves, vector-borne diseases, floods, etc. which affect human health and well-being in a negative manner. Loss of biodiversity, climate change, and degradation of land affect human health at a broader level in a negative manner as well. Example − The diagram below illustrates the threats Landfill Sites Can Present to Human Health and the Environment. ... Read More

Introduction Trematodes are parasites that live in various organisms’ bodies including human beings. They can be divided into more than 20, 000 species some of which are associated with parasitic infections in humans and animals. This tutorial offers a snapshot of what trematodes are, how is their body organs, and how they reproduce and grow. Examples of trematodes and some infections they cause have also been included. What are Trematodes? Trematodes are a class of parasitic leafworms. They are also known as flukes and they are linked mostly to aquatic fauna such as mollusks and fish. Trematodes also infect vertebrates ... Read More

Introduction India has mega diversity in terms of biogeography. India has only 2.4 % of the area of land in the world but has 8% of the biological diversity of the world’s content. India is divided mainly into 10 biogeographical zones. These are - Trans-Himalayan Region Himalayan Zone Indian Desert Zone Semi-Arid Region Western Ghats Deccan Plateau Gangetic Plain North East Region Coastal Region Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Biogeographical Zones of India The 10 most vibrant biogeographical zones of India are as follows − Trans-Himalayan Region This region covers 5.6% of the Indian geographical area. The trans-Himalayan ... Read More

Introduction− What is an Ecosystem? An ecosystem consists of both living or biotic and non−living or abiotic beings. The biotic and abiotic factors remain in constant communication with and are dependent upon each other for survival. It has been observed that living beings interact with the environment in which they exist. The living beings and their environment create an ecosystem. It contains both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors are the living beings while the nonliving beings are called abiotic factors. Image 1: Types of Ecosystem There are various types of ecosystems in the world in terms of ... Read More