Electronics & Electrical Articles - Page 54 of 56

LASER is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The LASER action was first proposed by Einstein.Applications of a LASERA LASER can be used in many fields. Some of its usages are given here.Used In Welding and Melting: The laser beam welding is mainly used for joining components using high welding speeds and low thermal distortion.Used In Holography: The reason that a hologram cannot be made without a LASER source is that coherence length for laser source can be very high due to which sustained interference pattern will be recorded on a hologram. This suggests the indispensable ... Read More

The FM receiver is the whole unit which takes the modulated signal as input and outputs the original audio signal. Radio amateurs are the initial radio receivers. They had got drawbacks such as poor sensitivity and selectivity.Selectivity is the selection of a particular signal while rejecting the others. Sensitivity is the capacity of detecting RF signal and demodulating it, while at the lowest power level. Both Selectivity and Sensitivity should be high for an FM receiver. To overcome these drawbacks of the ordinary receiver, the superheterodyne receiver was invented. This FM receiver consists of 5 main stages.RF Tuner SectionThe modulated ... Read More

Rat-race junction is a microwave device used when there is a need to combine two signals with no phase difference and to avoid the signals that have a path difference.A normal three port Tee junction is taken and 4th port is added to it, to make this rat-race junction. All of these ports are connected in angular ring forms at equal intervals using series or parallel junctions.The mean circumference of total race be 1.5λ and that each of the four ports is separated by a distance of λ/4. The below figure shows the image of a Rat-race junction.Let us consider ... Read More

A helical antenna is another type of wire antenna, which is widely used for a higher range of broadband VHF and UHF applications. The frequency range of operation of the helical antenna is around 30MHz to 3GHz.Helical antenna or helix antenna is the antenna in which the conducting wire is wound in a helical shape and connected to the ground plate with a feeder line. It is the simplest antenna which provides circularly polarized waves and used in extra-terrestrial communications in which satellite relays etc., are involved.It consists of a helix of thick copper wire or tubing wound in the ... Read More

To improve the radiation efficiency and directivity of the beam, the waveguide should be provided with an extended aperture so as to make the abrupt discontinuity of the wave into a gradual transformation, so that all the energy in the forward direction gets radiated. This can be termed as Flaring. Flaring is done to provide greater directivity and narrower beam width. The types of horn antennas depend on how they are flared.Sectoral HornThis type of horn antenna, flares out in only in one direction. Flaring in the direction of Electric vector produces the sectorial E-plane horn. As well, flaring in ... Read More

Microstrip antennas are the low-profile antennas. A metal patch mounted on a ground level with a dielectric material in-between constitutes a Microstrip or Patch Antenna. These are very low size antennas having low radiation. The patch antennas are popular for low profile applications at frequencies above 100MHz.Construction and workingThe microstrip consists of a very thin metallic strip placed on a ground plane with a dielectric material in-between. The radiating element and feed lines are placed by the process of photo-etching on the dielectric material. Usually, the patch or microstrip is chosen to be square, circular or rectangular in shape for ... Read More

Babinet’s Principle is actually the principle used in optics. According to its definition, “When the field behind a screen with an opening is added to the field of a complementary structure, the sum is equal to the field when there is no screen”The images clearly explain the principle. In all the regions, which are non-collinear with the beam, the above two screens, in figure 1 & 2, produce the same diffraction pattern.Case1Consider a light source and a conducting plane (field) with an aperture before a screen. The light does not pass through the opaque area but passes through the aperture.Case2Consider ... Read More

Sony Corporation is one of Japan's biggest multinational corporations, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo of Japan. It was founded by Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka on 7th May 1946. It was during the wake of the World War-II. Sony’s first branded product was TR-55 Transistor radio that was launched in 1955, whereas Sony was made to be its official name since January 1958.It was Not-So-EasyEarlier, vacuum tubes were used, whereas, after the invention of transistors, the circuits became shorter and eventually the size of the equipment used got reduced. When TR-55 Transistor radio was launched which was made using a transistor, ... Read More

In the present world, technology has got very advanced. Most of our daily tasks have been automated which has made us more reliable on electronic gadgets. Wireless Charging gives an advantageous, safe, and solid approach to charge and power a large number of electrical gadgets at home, in the work, and in industries.By removing the use of physical connectors and links, remote charging makes it efficient and brings cost and safety advantages over the conventional charging wire. From cell phones to hand-held mechanical gadgets and heavy duty gear applications, wireless power keeps them protected, constant and maintains the reliable exchange ... Read More

A great many people now purchase laptops for their processing needs and need to settle on the choice between getting either a Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD) as the storage component. So which of the two is the better decision, an SSD or HDD?There's no straightforward response to this question; every buyer has different necessities and we need to evaluate our choice in light of those requirements, your preferences and obviously the cost.Despite the fact that the cost of SSDs has been falling, the cost per gigabyte advantage is still firm with HDDs. However, in the ... Read More