A Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a three-terminal device which consists of two pn-junctions formed by sandwiching either p-type or n-type semiconductor material between a pair of opposite type semiconductors.The primary function of BJT is to increase the strength of a weak signal, i.e., it acts as an amplifier. A BJT can also be used as a solid state switch in electronic circuits.Types of BJTThere are two types of BJTs −NPN TransistorPNP TransistorIn this article, we will discuss in detail the working principle of both these types of BJTs.NPN TransistorAn npn-transistor is composed of two n-type semiconductor materials which are ... Read More

Half Wave Rectifier is a diode circuit which is used to transform Alternating Voltage (AC Supply) to Direct Voltage (DC Supply). A single diode is used in the HWR circuit for the transformation of AC to DC. Half Wave Rectifier circuit allows the one – half cycle of the AC Supply waveform to pass and blocks the other half cycle. Half Wave Rectifier Circuit Diagram The circuit of HWR consists of following three main components − A Diode A Transformer A Load (may be a Resistance) Working of HWR Circuit Positive ... Read More

In this post, we will understand the difference between DLP and LCD projector −DLP Projector (Digital Light Processing)It is a type of projector that uses a digital micro mirror device.One of the chip has a reflective surface that contains thousands of tiny mirrors that are coordinated with a light source.This helps reflect the digital imagery on to any surface.It provides smooth video.The pixels are less visible.It is more film-like, as on HDTV.It shows the rainbow effect.The intensity of black is amazing.It is portable since it is small and light in weight.The light source could be a standard lamp or an ... Read More

An attachment to an electronic document that can be viewed as a signature is referred to as a digital signature. It is used to prevent the unauthorized alterations in a document. Thus, a digital signature is created for encrypting the document. On the other hand, the medium which is provided to validate the identity of a user for an electronic transaction is referred to as a digital certificate. Digital certificates are used to provide protection against unauthorized data exchange from user to websites. The most basic difference between a digital signature and a digital certificate is that a digital signature ... Read More

In practice, a lot of people use the terms digital signature and electronic signature interchangeably. Although a digital signature is a type of electronic signature, but they are not exactly the same. The most basic difference between a digital signature and an electronic signature is that a digital signature is used to secure a document, whereas an electronic signature is used to verify a document. Read this article to find out more about digital signatures and electronic signatures and how they are different from each other. What is a Digital Signature? A digital signature is a type of electronic signature ... Read More

The process of sending data between two or more digital devices is known as data transmission. Data is transmitted between digital devices using one of the two methods − serial transmission or parallel transmission.In serial transmission, data bits are sent one after the other across a single channel. Parallel data transmission distributes numerous data bits through various channels at the same time.What is Serial Transmission?A serial transmission transfers data one bit at a time, consecutively, via a communication channel or computer bus in telecommunication and data transmission. On the other hand, parallel communication delivers multiple bits as a single unit ... Read More

Both Synchronous and Asynchronous Sequential Circuits are types of sequential circuits that use feedback for the next output generation. On the basis of the type of this feedback, both circuits can be differentiated. A sequential circuit is one whose output depends upon both present and past inputs. The classification of sequential circuits into synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits is done on the basis of their triggering. In a synchronous sequential circuit, the changes in all the state variables are synchronized with the universal clock signal. In contrast, in an asynchronous sequential circuit, the changes in all the state variables are ... Read More

In digital electronics, both combinational and sequential circuits are the most widely used circuits. These are two broad categories of circuits defined in the digital electronics where one type of circuit is independent of time and other is dependent on time. Read this article to find out more about combinational circuits and sequential circuits and how these two circuits are different from each other. Let's start with a basic overview of combinational and sequential circuits so that it becomes easier to understand how they are different from each other. What is a Combinational Circuit? A combinational circuit is one whose ... Read More

Both Magnetic Tape and Magnetic Disk are the type of non-volatile magnetic memory and used to store the data. On the basis of architecture and features we can distinguish between both Magnetic Tape Memory and Magnetic Disk Memory. Following are the important differences between Magnetic Tape Memory and Magnetic Disk Memory.Sr. No.KeyMagnetic Tape MemoryMagnetic Disk Memory1DefinitionMagnetic tape is type of non-volatile memory uses thin plastic ribbon is used for storing data and as data use to be stored on ribbon so data read/write speed is slower due to which is mainly used for data backups.On other hand Magnetic Disk is ... Read More

Tag identification layer of Electronic Product Code (EPC) Gen 2 lays down the method by which the readers can receive the identifiers from the tags. EPC Gen 2 (second generation) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) network has two main components, tags and readers. RFID tags are affixed on objects with EPC encoded on them for identification. EPC helps to check identities of objects like inventory, assets and people, and track them. Readers are the intelligent part of the system that tracks the tags. The tag identification layer addresses the multiple access problem of getting messages from unknown number of tags.Working PrincipleIn ... Read More