Found 451 Articles for Chemistry

Introduction Benzene is a kind of aromatic compound with the molecular formula $\mathrm{C_{6}H_{6}}$. Michael Faraday, an English chemist, invented benzene, the basic organic chemical. This is a natural but also necessary element of crude oil. Visually, it seems to be a white liquid with a gasoline-like odour. Chemists have discovered that benzene is indeed a very poisonous as well as cancerous chemical. It is found abundantly in several animals as well as plants, but it has also been formed as a consequence of volcanoes as well as forest fires. This is often used in the manufacture of insecticides, detergents, plastics, ... Read More

Introduction To assess metabolically reducing sugars, they are commonly determined in the food sector, biological research, and biopharmaceutical quality control. Common detection techniques are complicated, costly, or very polluting. Benedict's test (BT) for reducing sugars for value determination of glucose in urination was devised by Stanley R. Benedict. This method is still utilized in clinical, industrial, as well as laboratory settings to evaluate the qualitative makeup of reducing sugars. Benedict's reagents were designed to quickly identify reducing sugars by a colour change using non-corrosive steady alkaline chemicals. Although the method initially just showed the variation of glucose in a test ... Read More

Introduction The experimentation of bending a glass tube provides information about the nature of glass as well as its inherent qualities. Glass has historically been utilized for ornamental purposes, but it is also employed as a transparent barrier that allows for reasonably safe inspection. While many other types of glass may be created, we will be dealing with the most common, widely manufactured glass, which is highly bendable when heated. Glass is an amorphous, crystalline material that must be handled carefully with the Bunsen burner to bend it properly without hindrance or unintentional breakage. Aim Learn, comprehend, but also commit ... Read More

Introduction To change oximes into amides, the Beckmann rearrangement is a reaction that is used widely. Since its discovery, the reaction's safety & viability have significantly improved. This study focuses on the development of the Beckmann rearrangement and how it has been used to improve the present synthesis of mass-produced, widely accessible molecules that were previously made using expensive, poisonous, and challenging to obtain reagents. The mid-1880s saw the discovery of the Beckmann rearrangement by scientist Ernst Otto Beckmann. As a result of the process, oximes are transformed into the equivalent amides, which then allow the nitrogen atom from the ... Read More

Introduction BCC stands for Body-Centered cubic unit cell, while FCC stands for Face-centered Cubic unit cell. These are types of atom arrangements. In BCC, the structure consists of various atoms arranged or packed in a cubic lattice where each or every single corner or edge of the cube/cubic shares a single atom with the atom in the centre. So, the atoms at the corners or edges are shared with eight different unit cells. And in FCC, atoms are present at every corner of the cube and also at the centre of every six faces of the cubic crystal. So, the ... Read More

Introduction The physicist Alessandro Volta discovered first the operable battery by following the studies and experiments done by Luigi Galvani, in 1790. In his study, he focused on the several chemical reactions done by electrochemical cells. By 1800 Alessandro Volta discovered the storage of power or battery. And it consists of alternate layers of Zinc and Silver dipped that are dipped in the brine solution. It was also named volcanic pile and then later Micheal Faraday provided laws of electrochemistry based on this discovery. With the help of these laws, various cells for commercial use have been developed. Later John ... Read More

Introduction The Emf or electromotive force is a term used to depict the potential difference and is not a term related to force and it is measured in volt. It was invented by Alessandro Volta when he first invented the battery. And also he mentioned the contact of electrode and electrolyte is responsible for the emf not mentioned chemical reactions. In 1830 Michael Faraday ascertained that the chemical reactions taking place at the electrode and electrolyte interface are responsible for the emf. It is a characteristic of all the energy sources that have a circuit in them. The electromotive force ... Read More

Introduction There are different definitions for the base. But the one definition that is common in all three definitions is bases react with acid to form a neutral compound or salts and water. And is given by G.-F. Rouelle. It is the ion that is present in this compound that makes it a characteristic property. Arrhenius proposed that the presence of hydroxyl ion, $\mathrm{OH^{-}}$ leads to the characteristic property of a base. According to Bronsted Lowry's theory of bases, a base is a substance that can accept protons or Hydrogen ions, $\mathrm{H^{+}}$. And in lewis's base theory base is a ... Read More

Introduction The word barium is derived from the Greek word 'Barys' which means heavy. Barium Sulphate is an inorganic compound. It is alkaline earth metal. The compound is found on earth in the form of mineral barite also known as barytes. Barites are pale yellow, red, grey or green but barium sulphate is a white solid soft crystalline compound. It is a water-insoluble and odourless compound. It is formed by the reaction of barium carbonate and sulphuric acid. It is a non-toxic compound and used for many medicinal purposes like a root canal, x-rays and CT- scans. It is soluble ... Read More

Introduction Because barium does not exist naturally as a free component, it is obtained in ores, usually in the state of barite $\mathrm{(BaSO_{4})}$. Barium constitutes 0.05 per cent of the earth's crust. It is an alkaline earth metal with a light yellow as well as a gleaming look. Carl Wilhelm Scheele (C.W.S.) discovered barium in the year 1772 when he demonstrated that $\mathrm{BaO}$ was separate from $\mathrm{CaO}$‚ a substance it was frequently confused for. Humphry Davy separated $\mathrm{Ba}$ for the $\mathrm{1^{st}}$ time in the year 1808 using an electrolysis process he created. Barium oxide $\mathrm{BaO}$, commonly known as barium monoxide, ... Read More