Found 454 Articles for Biology

Introduction Reproduction in flowering plants takes place through several stages including seed formation, germination, growth of the seed, reproduction, pollination, and spreading of the seed after fertilization. The plants that die just after flowering include monocarpic flowers where the flower set seeds and falls off. Sexual reproduction can be seen in angiosperm only. Non-flowering plants like gymnosperms do not undergo sexual reproduction as they lack reproductive organs. In sexual reproduction, DNA is collected from both the parent and in asexual reproduction DNA is collected from only one parent. What are Flowering Plants? Angiosperms are mainly determined by the ... Read More

Introduction Bacteria mainly show asexual reproduction which is also determined as binary fission. The bacterium is a unicellular and microscopic organism that can also be determined as a microbe. It shows genetic transfer by recombination methods. The recombination method mainly results in the generation of non-identical daughter cells. The bacteria like microbes, or prokaryotes lack true nuclei and reproduce only by asexual methods where the fusion of gametes does not take place. Figure 1: Binary fission in Bacteria What is a Bacterium? Bacteria are determined as microbes that have a simpler structure of the cell like other ... Read More

Introduction Solanaceae, Fabaceae, and Liliaceae are the three types of families of plants which are locally available. They contain different characteristics and they also have medicinal qualities which have various usesEach of the families have its vegetative, flowering as well as medicinal qualities. In this part, Solanaceae have a taproot system. The family of Fabaceae contain bacteria on their roots which are very useful. On the other hand, the Liliaceae family is described as having a fibrous root system. Aim of the Experiment In this tutorial, mainly three common flowering plants which are available locally are taken. The plants belong ... Read More

Introduction Different animals have different respiratory organs and they are different from that human. Insects, as well as worms, are the most important components in the environment. The respiration processes of cockroaches and earthworms are different from each other. Earthworms are able to respire through the help of their moist body. On the other hand, cockroaches can respire through spiracles which are present on the lateral surface of the main body. What is Respiration? Respiration is a process which is metabolic in nature and all organisms having life, go through this process. In this process, the first matter of ... Read More

Introduction The term inflorescence refers to the formation and arrangement of flowers on the axis. This axis is known as the stalk where flowers grow in order to form a cluster that leads to the shape of the inflorescence. The prime characteristic of this flower refers to the way they are arranged on the peduncle. The major significance of inflorescence is that they help in the process of cross-pollination. All the flowers going through this process looks attractive to bring the insects that aid in the process of cross-pollination.Figure 1: Inflorescence in DillClassification of Inflorescence The term inflorescence is classified ... Read More

Introduction In order to understand the plasmolysis in epidermal peels of rhoeo leaves, it can be stated that two experiments have been conducted by using the solution of NaCl salt. The study involves the epidermal peelings or layering where the cells of the plants are placed in a hypertonic and hypotonic solution of sugar or salt. What is Plasmolysis? The process through which the cells lose water when they are kept in a hypertonic solution which has a higher rate of concentration of solutes is determined as plasmolysis. Figure 1: Osmosis in a plant cell The phenomenon involves ... Read More

Introduction Monocotyledonous plants have large chromosomes, which are nicely visible in the experiments. The meristematic tissues that are enabled at the tip of the roots provide a good source for the study of the process of mitosis. Onions are monocotyledonous plants possessing large chromosomes, hence their root tip is used for studying. Aim Cell division is required for maturation, growth, maintenance of the tissues, repairing of cells and others. The aim of the experiment is to study and demonstrate the process of mitosis through the preparation of the mount of an onion root tip. Main Theory of the ... Read More

Introduction A French naturalist named Julien Joseph Vesque first discovered stomata. He developed a model of stoma formation. Later, two other scientists named Metcalfe and Chalk further developed it. In land plants, scientists have stated that the stomata appear in the middle of the Silurian period, however, the evolution process has very little proof in terms of the fossil records. They are the results of the plants’ algae evolution. What are Stomata? Figure 1: Stomata Stomata can be defined as the most crucial part of the plants that can help in the gaseous exchange between ... Read More

Introduction Imbibition is the most important part that takes place before germination. It helps the seeds or more specifically plant's absorption of the water. It is a process of diffusion, which only takes place when the solids or colloids absorb the water and increases in volume. It causes swelling in the seeds which causes the breaking of the seed coat. What is Imbibition? Imbibition can be defined as a phenomenon, where the solids or the colloids absorb the water and it occurs without any kind of solution formation. In the case of seeds, the imbibition is the first ... Read More

Introduction Natural resource consists of both resources that are renewable and non-renewable, that support and provide service to the ecosystem. These resources provide humans, animals and plants to sustain on the planet through the utilisation of its resources. Naturally occurring resources serve as the real wealth of the nation, as these are associated with the factors like improvement of fiscal revenue, reduction of the poverty level, and generation of income. Researchers say that if there would have been no natural resources, then animals and humans would suffocate and starve. Overview of Earth’s Resources It is understood that without ... Read More