Found 132 Articles for Academic

One of the most complex and compact forms of packaging could be found in the way DNA is packed inside the cell. Although DNA is very tiny, at about 2.6 nm, it runs into lengthy ribbons that should be tightly wound into coils to be contained inside the cell. A human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. The diameter of a cell nucleus is only 2 micrometres inside which a 1.8 m long DNA has to fit in. Let’s look at the chromosome and travel deeper until we reach the DNA while understanding how it’s packed in every stage. ... Read More

What is Heredity? Heredity refers to the transfer of genetic traits from parents to their offspring; in sexual reproduction, both parents’ DNA come together and combine to provide offspring with two types of genes for each character. Later, each dominant gene carries a single character, which is visible in offspring. Hereditary in Asexual reproduction In asexual reproduction, one parent is involved, which results in organisms producing their exact copies. As a result, offspring are physically and genetically similar to their parents. This way, genetic uniformity can be seen in these organisms. With asexual reproduction, a population with genetic similarities can ... Read More

Introduction There are hundreds of distinct cell kinds in your body, including immune cells, skin cells, and neurons. Have you ever wondered why cells appear so different and function in such various ways if nearly all of them have the same set of DNA? The answer is - Gene Regulation! What is Gene Regulation? Gene regulation alters how cells behave. It is the mechanism by which a cell controls which of the many genes in its genome are "turned on". Despite the fact that nearly every cell in your body has the exact same DNA, each kind of cell ... Read More

Introduction Gene flow is the transfer of genes in a population. Gene flow is an important phenomenon that can contribute to the Evolution of a Population. All organisms are subject to this phenomenon, which has a profound evolutionary impact. Depending on the rates of gene flow, the process either encourages genetic diversity among populations or leads to genetic homogeneity. Gene Flow Gene flow is the exchange of genes between two different populations. It is also referred to as gene migration. This exchange of genes between populations occurs when people migrate or gametes are dispersed. Gene flow happens whenever a ... Read More

Introduction For the first time in the history of the world the substance, fructose was discovered by the renowned French chemist named Augustin Pierre Debranfaut in the year 1844, by synthesizing fruit sugar in an aqueous (with water) fruit sugar solution. The chemist at that time named fructose mutarotation. Both glucose, galactose, and fructose form the basic group type of sugars. One molecule of sucrose going through hydrolysis yields a single molecule of glucose and a single molecule of fructose altogether respectively. Fructose occurs naturally in various fruits, honey, etc. respectively. Fructose in its natural form is widely used ... Read More

Introduction How has life evolved on earth? How have all the organisms that we see today evolved? What does evolution mean? How has it affected our planet? These are some of the questions that come to mind when you start reading about the evolution of life on earth. So, in this tutorial, we will answer all such questions, but before we start, let us know about the meaning of evolution. The life forms on earth that we see around are the result of the various events that took place on the earth millions of years ago. Living organisms occur ... Read More

Introduction: What Makes a Fruit a Fruit? Have you ever questioned if a tomato is a fruit or a vegetable? In actuality, many plants that we consider to be vegetables are actually fruits. Fruits include several varieties such as cucumbers, peppers, and even peanuts. Tomatoes are considered fruits in botany because they contain seeds and originate from a flower's ovaries. What is a fruit? The matured and ripened ovary of a flowering plant is what we refer to as a fruit. When ovules are fertilized, they develop into the seeds of the plant, and the ovary of an angiosperm ... Read More

Introduction Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. One of the key nutrients in a person's diet is carbohydrates. They give your cells energy, nourish your brain and neurological system, and maintain your body lean and fit. Carbohydrates are found in a wide variety of foods, including pasta, bread, rice, sugar, fruit, potatoes, and vegetables, as well as cakes, candies, and soft drinks. This tutorial explores the many types of carbohydrates and how they work in the body, as well as the process of how they are absorbed. Carbohydrates and its Types The term "carbohydrates" refers to all different types ... Read More

Introduction The rate of respiration in plants is quite different from the aspects of photosynthesis. It is to be found in plants is different in different regions. The rate of respiration in leaf tissues, flower buds and germinating seeds is discussed further in the tutorial. What are Flower Buds, Leaf Tissues, and Germinating Seeds? Definition of flower buds, leaf tissues, and germinating seeds is mentioned below − Flower Buds This part of the plant helps in producing a flower. Mostly they are found in terminal ends. It makes them easier to be identified. There are different kinds of flower ... Read More

Introduction Identification of the characteristics of different species is very important to signify their kingdom along with their class, order, as well as genus or species. In this study, several specimens of different classes will be observed. What are Specimens? There are several specimens available on this planet with great variation. The common characteristics of the species lead to proper classifications according to their kingdom and species. Aim of the Experiment The principal aim of this experiment is to identify the physical features of numerous types of specimens. Required Equipment In order to make ... Read More