In the current era of computers and software everywhere, we have thousands of new joinees everyday who want to learn the essential skill of programming. Among beginners, Python is one of the most popular languages to start with, due to its dynamic typing, ease of learning and wide range of applications. However, there are a few recurring frustrations of new Python programmers who are just starting out on their programming journey. We will talk about them here. Problems Faced Unavailability of good learning resources Facing compiler or runtime mistakes Executing an external command through Python ... Read More

The coolest Python program I have ever made is Python password hasher. Let's first understand what python password hashing is. What is Password Hashing? Python Password hashing is a form of advanced encryption which can be used to store passwords online safely. In today’s world of everything being online, user passwords are one of the most easily attacked sensitive information on the internet. The password string is converted to a string of random characters using different hashing algorithms, which have been used in my program. The user is instructed to input the password string, then select the appropriate hashing algorithm ... Read More

What is a Dictionary in Python? A dictionary is Python’s own indigenous representation of a data structure, and can be considered similar to maps in C++. It is a dynamic data structure which stores key-value pairs dynamically, and is mutable. It can be better understood as an associative array, where each element is associated with its key value. Can one key hold more than one value? Although dictionaries in Python store values as key-value pairs, it is possible to store more than one value corresponding to the same key in a dictionary. This is performed by setting containers like ... Read More

Introduction Python is one of the most popularly used languages in today’s world, with its application spread out in a wide range of domains, ranging from applied fields like computer vision and IoT, to Machine Learning and data-based fields such as Data Analysis. Along with this, Python is one of the easiest languages to start one’s programming journey with, due to its very easy syntax and ease of writing code. Thus here we will look at some steps to learn Python as a beginner. Steps Learning the basics Maintaining consistency Become a part of peer groups Build ... Read More

Introduction Python Integers are one of the primary data types, and are used for almost all major mathematical and logical operations. In Python, integers are zero, positive or negative whole numbers without a fractional part and having unlimited precision.They can be expressed in binary, octal and hexadecimal values. In this article, we will learn how to obtain the sign of an integer. Methods Used Using simple mathematical comparison with zero Using copysign() function of math module Using numpy.sign() function Creating a method with abs() function Method 1: Using Mathematical Comparison with Zero We ... Read More

What is an Interpreter? The Python interpreter works as a computer converter that converts high-level language to low-level machine language, which is essential for the computer to understand the code written by a programmer. Python codes are executed by an interpreter called CPython, which is written in C language and executes instructions in a block of code one line after another. Steps used Lexing Parsing Creation of byte code Conversion to machine-executable code Returning output Let’s dive into the steps in detail. Step 1: Lexing The first step of analyzing a code block in ... Read More

Introduction Python initially started off as Python version2, which is also known as the Legacy Edition. The last edition of Python2 was Python2.7, which went out of service in 2020. Python 3.x was introduced as a replacement, with a host of improvements and bug fixes over the Python 2.x versions. The older Legacy Python was a LTS software, which means it had Long-Time Support. However, Python 3.x versions are backward incompatible releases, which makes it very essential to upgrade Python 2 codebases to Python 3, to fully enjoy the ease and support of Python 3. The biggest reasons for upgrading ... Read More

The cd command is one of most fundamental commands in Bash shell. It is used to change current working directory to a specified location. This command is particularly useful when navigating through file system, especially in situations where you need to access files or directories in a different location. In this article, we will explore how to use cd command in Bash scripts. What is cd Command? Before diving into usage of cd command, it is important to understand what it does. cd command is a built-in command in Bash that is used to change current working directory. When you ... Read More

Introduction Image Segmentation is the process of dividing a digital image into smaller groups so that processing and analyzing the larger images becomes easier and simpler. Region and Edge-based segmentation are different types of Image Segmentation. Before diving into Region and Edge based Segmentation, let us have a brief overview of how segmentation is done. Image Segmentation In simpler terms, segmentation is the process of assigning specific labels to pixels in an image. A group of pixels with the same label become a segment of the larger image. For example, below are two images with their segmentation. In the ... Read More

Introduction Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a supervised algorithm used to represent data into lower dimensions which reduces the number of features while preserving enough basic information to construct the original matrix from the reduced feature space. In this article, we will be going explore more about NMF and how it can be useful. Non-Negative Matrix Factorization NMF is used to reduce the dimensions of the input matrix or corpus. It uses factor analysis which gives less importance to less relevant words. The decomposition of the original matrix(which is a non-negative matrix) thus creates a product of two non-negative coefficients ... Read More