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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
Which are the new Null Operators introduced in PowerShell version 7?
PowerShell version 7 has introduced a few new null operators. They are as below.Null-Coalescing operator - ??Null Conditional Assignment Operators - ??=Null Conditional member access operators - ?. and ?[]a. Null-Coalescing operator - ??Null Coalescing operator ??evaluates the left-hand side condition or operand and if it is null then evaluates the right-hand side operand otherwise provides the value of the left-hand side operand.For example, Without the Null-Coalescing operator, we would have written a script like as shown below, $Name = $null if($Name -eq $null){"Name is Null"} Else {"PowerShell"}The above same condition can be written with the ?? operator.$name = $null ...
Read MoreHow to use the ValidateCount attribute in PowerShell Function?
The validateCount attribute in PowerShell function is to validate the length of an array, which means that you can pass the specific number of arguments into the parameter. In the below example we need array should contain a minimum 1 and maximum 4 values when we pass the values. For that, we will write the below script, Function ValidateArray { Param ( [ValidateCount(1, 3)] [String[]]$Animals ) return $PSBoundParameters }OutputPS C:\> ValidateArray -Animals Cow, Dog, Cat Key Value --- ----- Animals {Cow, Dog, Cat}The above output is valid but when we pass ...
Read MoreHow to use the ValidateScript attribute in PowerShell function?
The ValidateScript attribute is to validate the script before entering inside the function. For example, let say you want to validate the path of the file, validate the remote computer connectivity, etc. We will take here remote server connectivity example.Without the ValidateScript attribute, we would have written the script as shown below.Function Check-RemoteServer { param ( [string]$Server ) if(Test-Connection -ComputerName $Server -Count 2 -Quiet -ErrorAction Ignore) { Write-Output "$server is reachable" } else { Write-Output "$Server is unreachable" } }OutputPS C:\> Check-RemoteServer -Server asde.asde asde.asde is ...
Read MoreHow to use the ValidateLength attribute in PowerShell?
The ValidateLength attribute in PowerShell is used to validate the length of the String. Generally how we write the command without the mentioned attribute is using the Length method and if/else condition for the string. For Example, Function ValidateStorageName { param ( [String]$StorageName ) if(($StorageName.Length -gt 3) -and ($StorageName.Length -lt 15)) { Write-Output "`nStorage Name validated" } else { Write-Output "`nStorage Name validation failed" } }Output−PS C:\> ValidateStorageName -StorageName Alpha Storage Name validated PS C:\> ValidateStorageName -StorageName CN Storage Name validation failedWith the ValidateLength attribute, else ...
Read MoreHow to use the ValidateSet Attribute in PowerShell function?
The ValidateSet attribute in PowerShell function is to validate the values entered from the set which means, it allows only specific values from the set. To understand better consider the below example, we have an array and we need to check if entered values are among array or not then we will use the below code.Function PetAnimalsCheck { param( [String]$Animal ) $Animals = "Cow", "Dog", "Cat", "Horse", "Camel", "Elephant" if($Animals -contains $Animal) { Write-Output "Animal is in the list of Pet Animals" } else { Write-Output ...
Read MoreHow to use the ValidateRange attribute in PowerShell function?
Validation parameters are a set of rules that you define on the PowerShell variable and restrict users from entering some values and binding users to enter values in the specific domain. If there are not validation parameters the script would be lengthy. The ValidateRange attribute is one of them.ValidateRange AttributeThis parameter is to validate the specific range of numbers. For example, If we need users to enter a value between 5 and 100 and we simply write the script using the If/else statement as shown below.function AgeValidation { param( [int]$age ) if(($age -lt 5) ...
Read MoreFinding an element in a sub-element in Selenium Webdriver.
We can find an element in a sub-element with Selenium webdriver. First of all we need to identify the element with help of any of the locators like id, class, name, xpath or css. Then we have to identify the sub-element with the findElements(By.xpath()) method.We can identify the sub-element from the element, by localizing it with the element and then passing the expression (./child::*) as a parameter to the findElements(By.xpath())Syntaxelement.findElements(By.xpath("./child::*"))Let us identify the tagname of the sub-elements of element ul in below html code−Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class SubElement{ public static ...
Read MoreHow to wait for iFrames to load completely in Selenium webdriver?
We can wait for the iframe to load completely with Selenium webdriver.First of all we need to identify the iframe with the help iframe id, name, number or webelement. Then we shall use the explicit wait concept in synchronization to wait for the iframe to load.We need to import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions and import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait to incorporate expected conditions and WebDriverWait class. We will wait for the iframe to be loaded with the condition frameToBeAvailableAndSwitchToIt.Let us see an html document of a frame.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions; public class FrameLoadWait{ public ...
Read MoreTest if an element is focused using Selenium Webdriver.
We can test if an element is focused with Selenium webdriver. This is determined with the help of the activeElement() method. First of all we need to identify the element with help of any of the locators like id, class, name, xpath or css.Syntaxdriver.switchTo().activeElement();Let us consider the below edit box and check if it is focused.Exampleimport org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class ElementFocussed{ public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\Users\ghs6kor\Desktop\Java\chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.get("https://www.tutorialspoint.com/index.htm"); // identify ...
Read MoreHow to simulate HTML5 Drag and Drop in Selenium Webdriver?
We can simulate HTML5 drag and drop with Selenium webdriver. This is a feature that gets implemented if an element is dragged from its position and dropped on another element in another position.Actions class in Selenium is used for taking care of this functionality. The drag_and_drop(source, target) is the available method under Actions class for carrying out this task. We have to import from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains to our code to use this method of Actions class.Let us take the two elements and try to drag the first element on to the second element.Examplefrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChains from selenium import ...
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