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We can download images with Selenium webdriver in Python. First of all, we shall identify the image that we want to download with the help of the locators like id, class, xpath, and so on.We shall use the open method for opening the file in write and binary mode (is represented by wb). Then capture the screenshot of the element that we desire to capture with the screenshot_as_png method.Finally, the captured image must be written to the opened file with the write method. Let us make an attempt to download the image of an element having the below html −Syntaxwith ... Read More
We can programmatically configure Chrome extension through Selenium webdriver. We can have multiple extensions of the Chrome browser while we manually open the browser and work on it.However, while the Chrome browser is opened through Selenium webdriver, those extensions which are available to the local browser will not be present. To configure an extension, we have to obtain the .crx extension file of the extension.Then we have to add that extension to the browser which is launched by Selenium webdriver. To get all the extensions available to the browser enterchrome://extensions on the browser.To get add an extension for example: Momentum, ... Read More
In order to change the type of a column, the syntax isALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name TYPE new_data_type USING expression;Please note that altering the type of a column is not recommended generally, especially if your table has a lot of entries already.The USING part of the syntax is optional. It is used when you need to use an expression for converting the existing entries in that column from the current type to the new type. For instance, if you convert a column of type INTEGER to type BIGINTEGER, you need not use any expression for the conversion of existing ... Read More
The syntax to add a new column to an existing table is quite straightforward.ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_name column_type column_constraint;Say you have existing table marks. An example is given below −serial_nonameroll_nomarks_obtainedperc_marksmax_marksdate_of_entry1Yash2642421002021-01-302Isha5617587.52002021-01-30Now, suppose you want to add a column named subject. You can do that using −ALTER TABLE marks ADD COLUMN subject VARCHAR;Now if you query the table again using, SELECT * from marksYou will see the following output −serial_nonameroll_nomarks_obtainedperc_ marksmax_ marksdate_ of_ entrysubject1Yash2642421002021-01-30[null]2Isha5617587.52002021-01-30[null]Note that the values in the subject column are null because we have just created the column, not populated it. We can populate it using the UPDATE ... Read More
We can find when a download has completed with Selenium webdriver in Python. We shall use the ChromeOptions class for this purpose. First, we shall create an object of the ChromeOptions class.Then apply the add_experimental_option method on the object created. We shall pass browser preferences and download.default_directory: as parameters to that method. Finally, this information shall be passed to the driver object.Once the download is completed, we can verify it with the help of the os.path.isfile method. The path of the downloaded file is passed as a parameter to that method. The method os.path.exists shall also be used to verify ... Read More
The differences between Selenium RC and Selenium webdriver are listed below −FunctionalitiesSelenium RCSelenium WebdriverServerNeeds the server to trigger test execution.No need for the server to trigger test execution.Object OrientedNot much support from object oriented concepts.Majority of tests based on object oriented concepts.Dynamic LocatorsNo identification of elements with dynamic locators.Identification of elements with dynamic locators.AlertsNo support for alerts.Supports alerts.Mouse ActionsNo support for mouse actions.Supports mouse actions.DropdownNo support to handle dropdown.Supports handling dropdown.iPhone/AndroidNo support for iPhone/Android testing.Supports iPhone/Android testingListenerNo support for Listener.Supports Listeners.PerformanceIt does not communicate directly with the browser. So it is slower in execution.Execution is fast as it communicates directly ... Read More
We can find a definitive Selenium webdriver to Firefox compatibility matrix. To verify the Firefox browser compatibility with the Selenium webdriver, note the Selenium webdriver version.Then navigate to the link −https://firefox−source−docs.mozilla.org/testing/geckodriver/Support.html.Verify the Firefox version needed for the Geckodriver and Selenium.For any compatibility related concerns, we can navigate to the link &minushttps://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/trunk/java/CHANGELOGAlso, there is a good matrix for support available in the link −https://github.com/santiycr/selenium−firefox−support−matrix
We can run Chrome browser Incognito mode with Selenium webdriver. Incognito mode is a safe mode of opening a browser. This can be done with the help of the DesiredCapabilities and ChromeOptions class.We shall create an object of the ChromeOptions class and apply addArguments method on it. Then pass −−incognito as a parameter to that method. We shall then create an object of the DesiredCapabilities class.We shall apply setCapability method on the object of the DesiredCapabilities class and pass the ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY and the object of ChromeOptions class as parameters to that method.Finally, this browser chrome profile shall be fed to ... Read More
We can deal with security certificates using Selenium webdriver. We can have certificates like the SSL certificate and insecure certificate. All these can be handled with the help of the DesiredCapabilities and ChromeOptions class.We shall create an object of the DesiredCapabilities class and apply setCapability method on it. Then pass the CapabilityType and value as parameters to that method.These general browser chrome profiles shall be fed to the object of the ChromeOptions class for the local browser with the help of the merge method. Finally, this information needs to be passed to the webdriver object.SyntaxDesiredCapabilities c=DesiredCapabilities.chrome(); c.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_INSECURE_CERTS, true); c.setCapability(CapabilityType.ACCEPT_SSL_CERTS, true); ... Read More
Selenium RC is a key part in Selenium. It is a framework for testing that allows testers and developers to design test scripts in multiple languages to automate frontend UI test cases.It has a client library and a server that starts and quits the browser sessions by default.Selenium RC is deprecated because of the reasons listed below −Selenium RC comprises an additional layer of JavaScript known as the core which makes it slower.Selenium RC has complicated and redundant APIs.Selenium RC is not compatible with the HTMLUnit browser (required for headless execution).Selenium RC has in-built HTML report generation features for test ... Read More