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In this post, we will understand the difference between top-down integration testing and bottom-up integration testing −Top-down Integration TestingIt is also known as incremental integration testing.The higher level modules are first tested after which the lower level modules are tested.Once it is done, they are integrated.The higher level modules are the main modules and the lower level modules are the submodules.It uses stubs to simulate the sub-modules.If the sub-module hasn’t been fully developed, the stub acts like a replacement to it.It is useful in cases where significant defect occurs at the top of the program.The main module is designed first ... Read More
In this post, we will understand the difference between fuzzy set and crisp set −Fuzzy SetIt is understood using vague properties.Fuzzy set can have a progressive transition among many degrees of membership.They are generally used in fuzzy controllers.The elements have the ability to be partially included in the set.They are based on infinite-valued logic.They exhibit gradual membership degrees.There is an uncertainty about the set boundaries.Crisp SetIt can be understood using precise and certain characteristics.Here, the transition is sudden, and well defined, not gradual.The element can either be a member of a set or not, no partial ability given.It has a ... Read More
In this post, we will understand the difference between informed search and uninformed search −Informed SearchThey contain information on goal state.It helps search efficiently.The information is obtained by a function that helps estimate how close a current state is, to the goal state.Examples of informed search include greedy search and graph search.It uses the knowledge in the process of searching.It helps find the solution quickly.It may or may not be complete.It is inexpensive.It consumes less time.It gives the direction about the solution.It is less lengthy to implement.Uninformed SearchThey don’t have any additional information.The information is only provided in the problem ... Read More
We can find the DNS name of the VM from the Azure Portal as shown below from the Azure VM Overview tab.This DNS setting is associated with the Public IP address. To retrieve the DNS settings we first need to retrieve the Public IP details. For this example, suppose we have the Azure VM TestMachine2k16 and we need to retrieve its DNS settings (Assuming you are connected to the proper Azure account and the subscription).$vm = Get-AzVM -VMName TestMachine2k16 $pubip = Get-AzPublicIpAddress -ResourceGroupName $vm.ResourceGroupName | where{$_.Id -match $vm.Name}$pubip variable has the attached Public IP properties. You can retrieve the DNS ... Read More
To retrieve the Azure Virtual Network (vNet) or subnet name, we need the first name of the network interface of the VM. Below is the command to retrieve the name of the network interface.$vm = Get-AzVM -VMName Testmachine2k16TestMachine2k16 is the Azure VM name. Assuming this VM has a single NIC attached.PS C:\> $nic = $vm.NetworkProfile.NetworkInterfaces PS C:\> $networkinterface = ($nic.id -split '/')[-1] PS C:\> $networkinterface testmachine2k16619So our NIC name is stored inside the $NetworkInterface variable.If you have the multiple NICs attached, then use the below command to retrieve the NIC details.$nics = $vm.NetworkProfile.NetworkInterfaces foreach($nic in $nics) { ($nic.Id -split ... Read More
To retrieve the Azure VM NIC using PowerShell, we need to first get the VM details. For this example, we have the VM name “TestMachine2k16”. To retrieve the VM details use the Get-AzVM command but before that make sure you are connected to the Azure Account using PowerShell session.PS C:\> $vm = Get-AzVM -VMName Testmachine2k16VM NIC information is stored inside the NetworkProfile property.PS C:\> $vm.NetworkProfileThis will retrieve all the NICs attached to the VM. If there are multiple NICs then we need to store the nic information into the array and have to perform some string operation to get the ... Read More
To install the MSI package using DSC, we need to use the DSC resource “Package”. Let see which properties are available for this resource.PS C:\> Get-DscResource -Name Package | Select -ExpandProperty Properties Name PropertyType IsMandatory Values ---- ------------ ----------- ------ Name [string] True {} Path [string] True {} ProductId [string] True {} Arguments [string] False {} Credential [PSCredential] False {} DependsOn [string[]] False {} Ensure [string] False {Absent, Present} LogPath [string] False {} PsDscRunAsCredential [PSCredential] False {} ReturnCode [UInt32[]] False {}Name, Path, and ProductID parameters are mandatory for this DSC resource.The best way to retrieve the above details is ... Read More
To get the IIS application pool names using PowerShell, you need to use the IIS PSDrive but for that, we need the IIS PowerShell module WebAdministration or IISAdministration on the server we are running the command.If the WebAdministration module is already installed, use the below command to import the module.Import-Module WebAdministration -VerboseOnce you Import the above module, you can see the IIS PSDrive will be activated in the current session.To get all the application Pools run the below command, Get-ChildItem IIS:\AppPools\OutputName State Applications ---- ... Read More
All the new user profiles are created on the windows system at the path,'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList\'To retrieve all the user profiles, we can usegci 'HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList\' | ForEach-Object { $_.GetValue('ProfileImagePath') }ProfileImagePath property shows the location of the user profiles.Another way to retrieve the User Profile is using WMI.PS C:\> gwmi win32_userprofile |Select -ExpandProperty LocalPathOutputC:\Users\.NET v2.0 Classic C:\Users\.NET v4.5 Classic C:\Users\.NET v2.0 C:\Users\.NET v4.5 C:\Users\Classic .NET AppPool C:\Users\Administrator.AUTOMATIONLAB C:\Users\delta
To get the IIS application Pool to recycle settings using GUI, you need to check the Application pool advanced settings.To retrieve the above settings using PowerShell, we can use the Get-IISAppPool command with the specific application pool name. We have the application pool, DefaultAppPool and we need to retrieve its Recycling settings.PS C:\> (Get-IISAppPool -Name DefaultAppPool).RecyclingOutputBelow settings will be for the Periodic restart.PS C:\> (Get-IISAppPool -Name DefaultAppPool).Recycling.PeriodicRestartOutputMemory : 0 PrivateMemory : 102400 Requests : 0 Schedule : {add} Time : 1.05:00:00 Attributes ... Read More