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Dynamic routing is an adaptive routing algorithm, and it is a process where a router can forward data through a different route.The term is most associated with data networking to describe the capability of a network to 'route around' damage, such as loss of a node or a connection between nodes, so if other path choices are available. Dynamic routing allows many routes to remain valid in response to the change.Systems that do not implement dynamic routing are usually preferred to static routing, because static routes through a network are described by fixed paths. If anything, those that take an ... Read More
Static routing algorithm is a form of routing which occurs when a router uses a manual configuration routing entry rather than dynamic entry.In different cases, static routes are manually configured by a network administrator by adding entries into the routing table. It is not possible in all cases. Static routes are fixed and do not change if the network is changed or reconfigured.Static and dynamic routing is not mutually exclusive. They are usually used on a router to maximise routing efficiency and to provide backups in the event that dynamic routing information fails to be exchanged.UsesThe different uses of Static ... Read More
Transmission impairment occurs when the received signal is different from the transmitted signal. As we know, a signal can be transmitted as Analog signal or it can be transmitted as a digital signal.In Analog signals due to transmission impairment the resulting received signal gets different amplitude or the shape. In the case of digitally transmitted signals at the receiver side we get changes in bits (0's or 1's).CausesThere are various causes of transmission impairments, which are as follows −NoiseDelay DistortionAttenuation DistortionLet us discuss noise which is one of the causes for transmission impairments.NoiseNoise is the major factor for the transmission ... Read More
Transmission impairment occurs when the received signal is different from the transmitted signal. As we know, a signal can be transmitted as Analog signal or it can be transmitted as a digital signal.In Analog signals due to transmission impairment the resulting received signal gets different amplitude or the shape. In the case of digitally transmitted signals at the receiver side we get changes in bits (0's or 1's).CausesThere are various causes of transmission impairments, which are as follows −NoiseDelay DistortionAttenuation DistortionLet us discuss Delay Distortion.Delay DistortionThis kind of distortion is mainly appearing in case of composite signals in which a ... Read More
Transmission impairment occurs when the received signal is different from the transmitted signal. As we know, a signal can be transmitted as Analog signal or it can be transmitted as a digital signal.In Analog signals due to transmission impairment the resulting received signal gets different amplitude or the shape. In the case of digitally transmitted signals at the receiver side we get changes in bits (0's or 1's).CausesThere are various causes of transmission impairments, which are as follows −NoiseDelay DistortionAttenuation DistortionLet us discuss Attenuation Distortion.Attenuation DistortionAttenuation is generally decreased in signal strength, by which the received signal will be difficult ... Read More
When it is required to assign an alphabet to every element of an integer list, the ‘ascii_lowercase’ method, and the list comprehension are used.ExampleBelow is a demonstration of the same −import string my_list = [11, 51, 32, 45, 21, 66, 12, 58, 90, 0] print("The list is : " ) print(my_list) print("The list after sorting is : " ) my_list.sort() print(my_list) temp_val = {} my_counter = 0 for element in my_list: if element in temp_val: continue temp_val[element] = string.ascii_lowercase[my_counter] my_counter ... Read More
When it is required to get the dictionaries with unique value lists, the ‘set’ operator and the list methods are used, along with a simple iteration.ExampleBelow is a demonstration of the same −my_dictionary = [{'Python' : 11, 'is' : 22}, {'fun' : 11, 'to' : 33}, {'learn' : 22}, {'object':9}, {'oriented':11}] print("The dictionary is : " ) print(my_dictionary) my_result = list(set(value for element in my_dictionary for value in element.values())) print("The resultant list is : ") print(my_result) print("The resultant list after sorting is : ") my_result.sort() print(my_result)OutputThe dictionary is : [{'Python': 11, 'is': 22}, {'fun': 11, 'to': ... Read More
When it is required to get the mean of the matrix elements, the ‘mean’ method from the ‘Numpy’ package is used after it has been imported into the environment.ExampleBelow is a demonstration of the same −import numpy as np my_matrix = np.matrix('[24, 41; 35, 25]') print("The matrix is : " ) print(my_matrix) my_result = my_matrix.mean() print("The result is : ") print(my_result)OutputThe matrix is : [[24 41] [35 25]] The result is : 31.25ExplanationThe required packages are imported into the environment.A matrix is created using the Numpy package.It is displayed on the console.The mean of the matrix is ... Read More
When it is required to extract the value of key if the key is present in the list as well as the dictionary, a simple iteration and the ‘all’ operator are used.ExampleBelow is a demonstration of the same −my_list = ["Python", "is", "fun", "to", "learn", "and", "teach", 'cool', 'object', 'oriented'] my_dictionary = {"Python" : 2, "fun" : 4, "learn" : 6} K = "Python" print("The value of K is ") print(K) print("The list is : " ) print(my_list) print("The dictionary is : " ) print(my_dictionary) my_result = None if all(K in sub for sub in ... Read More
When it is required to sort the list of dictionary based on the key’s ‘i’th index value, the ‘sorted’ method and the lambda methods are used.ExampleBelow is a demonstration of the same −my_list = [{"Python" : "Best", "to" : "Code"}, {"Python" : "Good", "to" : "Learn"}, {"Python" : "object", "to" : "cool"}, {"Python" : "oriented", "to" : "language"}] print("The list is : " ) print(my_list) K = "Python" print("The value of K is ") print(K) i = 2 print("The value of i is :") print(i) my_result = ... Read More