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To decrease the width of bars for plotly bar chart, we can use layout function and set the autosize argument to FALSE.For example, if we have a data frame called that contains a categorical column C and a numerical column Count then bar chart with decreased width of the bars can be created by using the below command −plot_ly(df,x=x,y=y,type="bar")%>%layout(autosize=F)ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
To convert a table into matrix in R, we can use apply function with as.matrix.noquote function.For example, if we have a table called TABLE then we can convert it into a matrix by using the command given below −apply(as.matrix.noquote(TABLE),2,as.numeric)Example 1Following snippet creates a dataframe −x1
While generating three address codes for the given expression, it can specify the address of the Label in goto statements. It is very difficult to assign locations of these label statements in one pass so, two passes are used. In the first pass, it can leave these addresses unspecified & in the next pass, and it can fill these addresses. Therefore filling of incomplete transformation is called Backpatching.One-pass code generation using backpatchingBackpatching can be used to generate a program for boolean expressions and the flow of control statements in one pass. In this, synthesized attributes truelist and falselist of non-terminal ... Read More
Control statements are the statements that change the flow of execution of statements.Consider the GrammarS → if E then S1 |if E then S1 else S2 |while E do S1In this grammar, E is the Boolean expression depending upon which S1 or S2 will be executed.Following representation shows the order of execution of an instruction of if-then, ifthen-else, & while do.𝐒 → 𝐢𝐟 𝐄 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐒𝟏E.CODE & S.CODE are a sequence of statements which generate three address code.E.TRUE is the label to which control flow if E is true.E.FALSE is the label to which ... Read More
Boolean means True or False. It can also be represented by 1 or 0.Boolean Expression is the expression that returns true or false. Boolean Expression can be represented in two ways−Conditional ExpressionsFor example, If a > b{ cout Y)A = B + CSolution(1) If A < B goto(4)(2) If X > Y goto(4)(3) goto(6)(4) T = B + C(5) A = TExample3− Write three address code for a > b 𝐀𝐍𝐃 c < d 𝐀𝐍𝐃 e < f.Solution(1) If a > b goto(4)(2) t1 = 0(3) goto(5)(4) t1 = 1(5) If c < d goto(8)(6) t2 = 0(7) goto(9)(8) t2 = 1(9) If e < f goto(12)(10) t3 = 0(11) goto(13)(12) t3 = 1(13) t4 = t1 𝐀𝐍𝐃 t2(14) t5 = t4 𝐀𝐍𝐃 t3
Control statements are the statements that change the flow of execution of statements. For example, If, If-else, Switch-Case, while-do statements. In programming languages, Boolean expressions are used toAlter the flow of control− Boolean expressions are used as conditional expressions in a statement that alter the flow of control. The value of such Boolean expression is implicit in a position reached in a program. For example, if (E) S, the expression E should be true if statement S is reached.Compute logical values− A Boolean expression can define true or false values. Such Boolean expressions can be computed in parallel to arithmetic ... Read More
Winternitz One Time Signature SchemeRobert Winternitz proposed the W-OTS approach. It is thought to be quantum resilient since it uses modest key and signature sizes.It generates 32 ☓ 256 bit random private keys in total.We then have this a number of times, and a parameter (W) is used to define them.We can hash the private keys by using W = 8(2W).It generates public keys with a length of 32 256-bitsThe signature is formed by taking 8-bits at a time, subtracting the 8-bit binary int (n) from 256, then hashing the private key 256 times.Thereafter, the signature is made up of ... Read More
Digital Service UnitA Digital Service Unit (DSU) is a piece of hardware that connects a Local Area Network (LAN) to an external communication carrier service via a Channel Service Unit (CSU).A DSU is a device with two or more ports, one designated as the WAN port and the other as the DTE port.The device translates bipolar digital signals from a digital circuit and a CSU that is compatible with the data terminal equipment to which the data is transferred.When information is sent from the DTE to the circuit, the DSU performs a similar operation in reverse.The telecommunications service that a ... Read More
What is DDNS?The Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) is a protocol that provides DNS extensions that allow DNS servers to accept requests to dynamically add, update, and delete entries in the DNS database.A DDNS server can serve both static and dynamic domains at the same time, since DDNS is a functional superset of existing DNS servers.Rather than allowing any server to change its DNS records, the secure version of DDNS authenticates update requests from DDNS hosts using critical public security and digital signatures.Dynamic DNS was created to address the problem of frequent IP changes. For example, when you search for ... Read More
Authentication, Authorization, and AccountingAuthentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) is a structural framework for gaining access to computer resources, enforcing policies, auditing, providing critical information for service invoicing, and other network administration and security procedures.This procedure is mostly used to allow specified and valid users access to network and software application resources.In relation to the network protocol RADIUS, the AAA notion is frequently utilized.Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) is a method for tracking and regulating user access to network resources on an IP-based network. AAA is frequently set up as a dedicated server.The practice of adding or denying individual users access ... Read More