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Cable television networks are television channels that are delivered to viewers through cable television systems, as opposed to broadcast television, satellite television, or the internet. Some examples of popular cable TV networks in the United States include ESPN, TNT, and HBO. Cable networks can also be divided into categories, such as news networks (CNN, Fox News), sports networks (ESPN, NBC Sports), movie networks (HBO, Showtime), and lifestyle networks (Food Network, HGTV). Cable Network operate by subscription where viewer pays to the operator to get access to the channels. Types of Cable TV Networks There are several different types of cable ... Read More
Berkeley's Algorithm is a distributed algorithm for computing the correct time in a network of computers. The algorithm is designed to work in a network where clocks may be running at slightly different rates, and some computers may experience intermittent communication failures. The basic idea behind Berkeley's Algorithm is that each computer in the network periodically sends its local time to a designated "master" computer, which then computes the correct time for the network based on the received timestamps. The master computer then sends the correct time back to all the computers in the network, and each computer sets its ... Read More
The Bifid Cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher that was invented by the French amateur cryptographer Felix Delastelle at the end of the 19th century. It is considered a polygraphic cipher because it encrypts pairs of letters at a time, rather than single letters like monoalphabetic ciphers such as the Caesar Cipher. The Bifid Cipher is based on a polybius square, which is a 5x5 grid of letters that is used to encrypt the plaintext. The grid is usually filled with a combination of the alphabet and a keyword or phrase. The letters in the keyword or phrase are placed ... Read More
Binary Synchronous Communication (BISYNC) is a communication protocol that uses synchronous transmission to transfer data between devices. In BISYNC, data is transmitted in fixed-length blocks, called frames, with a start and stop bit at the beginning and end of each frame. The start and stop bits are used to synchronize the sender and receiver, so that they can accurately read and interpret the data in the frame. BISYNC uses a complex set of control characters to manage the flow of data and to maintain the synchronization between the sender and receiver. For example, the "ENQ" (enquiry) character is used to ... Read More
The Birman-Schiper-Stephenson (BSS) Protocol is a distributed computing protocol that allows a group of computers to maintain a consistent shared state despite the possibility of failures. It was first described in a paper by Michael Birman, Roger Schiper, and Tom Stephenson in 1985. In the BSS Protocol, each computer in the group is assigned a unique identifier and acts as a "replica" of the shared state. The replicas communicate with each other using a series of message passing operations to maintain consistency of the shared state. The protocol is based on a "token" that is passed between replicas, which serves ... Read More
In the ES6 version of JavaScript, literals are introduced. JavaScript contains object literals, array literals, Numeric literals, RegExp literals, etc. Also, it contains the string literals. The string literal allows us to create multiline strings without any backslash characters, add any word or sentence to the quote, and add variables and mathematical expressions in between the strings. Syntax Users can follow the syntax below to use the template string literal in ECMAScript 6. let string = `This is template literal string!`; In the above syntax, we have used the backticks (` `) to create a template literal string. ... Read More
Pangram string is a string that contains all the English alphabet. For example − String = “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” Here the string is a pangram string which contains all the alphabetical characters from a to z in it. String = “ Hello! Swati how are you?” Here the string is not a pangram string because it does not contain all the 26 alphabetical characters from a to z. In this article, we will learn how to write a swift program to check if a string is pangram or not. So to check if the ... Read More
Heterogram string is a string in which no alphabet occurs more than once. For example, “Sky with cloud” is a heterogram because in the string each alphabet occurred only once. Whereas “colorful balloons” is not a Heterogram because in the string some alphabet like o, u, l, etc appears more than once. Here we will execute different examples that will check whether the given string is heterogram or not using swift programming language. Algorithm Step 1 − Create a function. Step 2 − Remove the white space from the string. Step 3 − Create a separate array to ... Read More
Bit stuffing is a technique used in data communication systems to detect and correct errors that may occur during the transmission of data. It works by adding extra bits to the data being transmitted in order to flag when an error has occurred. One common way to implement bit stuffing in Java is to use a flag byte (such as 0x7E) to indicate the start and end of a frame, and to use a special escape byte (such as 0x7D) to indicate that the next byte is a stuffed bit. For example, the sender would add a stuffed bit before ... Read More
The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is a legacy computer networking protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network. BOOTP was developed in the 1980s as a way to assign IP addresses to diskless workstations without the need for a DHCP server. BOOTP works by allowing a device to broadcast a request for an IP address on the network. The BOOTP server, which is typically a router or a dedicated BOOTP server, receives the request and assigns an IP address to the device. The device then uses the assigned IP address to communicate with other devices on the ... Read More