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Complex numbers are numbers that are expressed as a+bi, where i is an imaginary number and a and b, are real numbers. Some of the example of complex numbers are 2 + 5i, 3 - 9i, 8 + 2i, etc. How to add complex number? Here, we will explain how to add two complex numbers. Let us assume we have two complex numbers, Z1 and Z2. // a and b are the real and imaginary parts of Z1 Z1 = a + bi // c and d are the real and imaginary parts of Z2 Z2 = c + ... Read More
Combination and permutation are a part of combinatorics. The permutation is known as the different arrangements that a set of elements can make if the elements are taken one at a time, some at a time, or all at a time. Combination is the different ways of selecting elements if the elements are taken one at a time, some at a time, or all at a time. In this article, we have the value of 'n' and 'r' such that 'r' should be less than n. Our task is the find the permutation and combination using the value of 'n' ... Read More
In C/C++, both exit() and _Exit() are used to terminate a program. The exit() performs cleanup like flushing output, closing files, and calling functions, while _Exit() ends the program immediately without doing any cleanup. Now, let us learn the difference between exit() and _Exit() individually in C/C++. C++ exit() Function The exit() function is used to clean up before terminating the program. It calls functions registered with atexit(), flushes file buffers, and returns control to the operating system. Syntax Following is the syntax for exit() function: void exit(int status_value); Example In this example, we print "Program is running..." and ... Read More
The fastest algorithm to find the prime numbers is the Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm. It is one of the most efficient ways to find the prime numbers smaller than n when n is smaller than around 10 million. In this article, we have a given number as 'num'. Our task is to find all the prime numbers less than or equal to num using Sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm in C++. Example Here is an example to find prime numbers less than 10: Input: num = 10 Output: 2 3 5 7 The explanation of the above ... Read More
A subsequence is a sequence that can be derived from another sequence by deleting some elements and without changing the order of elements in sequence. For example, the sequences [3, 10], [3, 2, 20] and [3, 10, 20] are some of the subsequences of [3, 10, 2, 1, 20]. Longest Increasing Subsequence(LIS) is the longest of all the subsequences that are having elements in increasing order. In this article, we will learn how to write a C++ program to find the length of longest increasing subsequence for a given sequence. In other words, we are provided with a sequence ... Read More
In C++, both relational Operators (==) with std::string and std::string::compare() are used to compare two strings for equality, but there's a minor difference in both of these; == compares and returns the results in Boolean, whereas compare() checks lexicographically and returns the result in integers. In this article, we will see a more detailed comparison between these two methods and their uses in different scenarios. The == Operator The relational operator (==) is used to compare two values; it checks if the two given values are equal or not and returns the result in Boolean (True ... Read More
A semicolon in C++ is used to terminate or end the statement; it tells the compiler that this particular instruction is completed.According to the ISO C++ specifications, the lexical representation of C++ programs (breaking down code into small parts) is called tokens. Some of these tokens are punctuators, which are special symbols used to structure your code. The semicolon is one of these punctuators. Example Here is the following basic example code showcasing the working of a semicolon in C++. #include using namespace std; int main() { int x = 5; // End of declaration statement x = 10; // End of assignment statement cout
In C++, a vector is a dynamic array that can grow or shrink automatically. It can store elements in a row (contiguous memory) and resizes itself when needed. When it runs out of space, it creates a bigger array, copies the old data, and adds the new one. So, you can easily add, remove, or access elements using functions like push_back(), size(), and erase(). Basic Operations (push_back, access) A vector stores elements in a contiguous memory block. You can add elements using push_back() and access them using [] or at(). Syntax Following is the syntax is as follows: vector vec; ... Read More
Bitwise operators are used for representing binary integers, where the operator directly performs operations on the individual bits of integer values. To perform an addition operation using bitwise operators, use operators like AND, XOR, and NOT. The OR operator cannot perform addition on its own because, 1 | 1 results in 1, but we need 2 as the output. Therefore, you can use the other three operators to implement the logic of addition. You can see the tabular representation of biwise operators by taking binary bits as 0 and 1. ... Read More
The given task is to convert the numerical values to their respective word representation (i.e, we need to spell the numbers in text ). For example, if the given numbers are 1, 2, 29, the resultant values would be: one, two, twenty-nine, respectively. We can do so, using the function(s) available in the num2word library. Converting Numbers to Words Using num2word() The num2words() is a function of the Python library with the same name (num2words). This is used to convert numbers like 56 to words like fifty-six. In addition to the numerical parameters, this function accepts two optional parameters - ... Read More