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In this article, we will learn to close resources automatically in Java. Resource management becomes important in Java programming to prevent memory leaks and system instability. Java provides several options for closing resources automatically: files, database connections, and network sockets. The Problem with Manual Resource Closure Traditionally, developers needed to manually close resources using try-finally blocks. This method is error-prone because it's easy to forget to close resources, and exception handling can be complicated: FileInputStream fis = null; try { fis = new FileInputStream("file.txt"); } finally { if (fis != null) { ... Read More
We may see many situations in Python where we need to remove all the files from a particular folder. For example, we may need to perform cleaning up temporary logs, resetting application data, or managing output directories. This can be done by simply pointing to the folder and deleting files manually, but it is inefficient, especially when working with large-scale or automated scripts. In such cases, we can ensure a clean and reliable way of deleting files by using the built-in modules like os, pathlib, or shutil, which allow us ... Read More
When working with files in Python programming, the common tasks we can perform are reading data, writing logs or processing content. If the files are not managed in a proper way then it leads to issues such as resource leaks, file corruption or unexpected errors. In this article, we'll explore the different ways to safely open and close files in Python. Why file safety is important? When we open a file in python then the operating system will allocate resources to handle the file. If the file is not closed correctly, then those resources might not be released properly which ... Read More
cout is an object of the stdout stream, while cerr is an object of the stderr stream.stdout and stderr are different streams, even though they both refer to console output by default. Redirecting (piping) one of them (e.g., program.exe >out.txt) would not affect the other. These are both provided by the library in C++. In this article, we will learn the difference between these two output streams in more detail. Character Output Stream (cout) The character output stream is used to display the data or information to the console (standard output device, basically the screen), like printing messages, results, ... Read More
Unary operators are operators that operate only on a single operand (unlike binary operators, which operate on two operands). There are mainly thirteen unary operators that exist in C++, for example, ++, !, ~, typeof, delete, etc. Overloading Unary Minus Operator Overloading a unary operator means defining a custom behavior for the unary operators while applying it to objects of a class. which means you can define how an operator will work when applied to instances of a class instead of using its default behavior. This operator is normally used on the left side of the object, as in +obj, ... Read More
Edge coloring is a method of coloring the edges of a graph, such that no two edges having a common vertex is colored with same color. A line Graph is a special type of graph which help us to assume an edge-coloring problem into a vertex-coloring problem. In other words, using a line graph makes edge coloring easier. In this article, we will discuss how to perform edge coloring of a graph using line graph and greedy coloring approach. What is Line Graph? Line graph is a special graph that is created from another graph. In the line ... Read More
Graph coloring is a technique in which, we assign colors to the vertices of a graph such that no two adjacent vertices have same color. Bipartite graph a special kind of graph which is possible to color by just two colors. In this article, we will discuss how to perform graph coloring on a bipartite graph using BFS algorithm. What is Bipartite Graph? Bipartite graph is special graph where you can divide the vertices into two sets, such that no two vertices of the same set are connected. This is why, it's possible to color a bipartite graph by ... Read More
In C++, segmentation fault is a runtime error that occur when your program attempts to access an area of memory that it is not allowed to access. In other words, segmentation fault occur when your program tries to access memory that is beyond the limits that the operating system allocated for your program. These errors are type of access violation that can lead to crashing of program. Segmentation fault occur often with beginner programmers due to the lack of understanding of system level concepts like pointer. In this article, we will explain all the concepts related to segmentation fault, including ... Read More
The C++ functions can receive objects in multiple ways, depending upon how you want the function to interact with the object. You can either define functions that can modify the original objects or define functions that will make a copy of original object and modify the copy without affecting the original object. In this article, we will explain all the ways to pass an object a C++ function. Pass Objects to Function in C++ Here is the list of all the ways to pass an object to a function in c++ program, which we will be discussing ... Read More
Both the left shift and right shift are known as bitwise shift operators. These operators are useful for working with binary integers by shifting the bits to the left or right. Below is the mathematical representation of the left and right shift operators: // left shift operator x > n means (x/2n) What is Left Shift Operator? In the left shift operator, the left operand value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. Syntax The basic syntax of left shift operator as follows: