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Introduction Carbohydrates seem to be a type of naturally occurring carbonyl molecule containing many β ππ» groups. This might also include their derivative products, which also lead to the synthesis of certain compounds when hydrolyzed. Sugars include carbohydrates with a sweet taste that could be water-soluble. Carbohydrates constitute abundant substances in the plant as well as animal cells. Carbohydrates contained inside skeletal bones serve as food reserves for plants, arthropods, or even mammals. All of those are significant energy resources that are required for a range of metabolic activities; the energy would be provided via oxidation. What are Carbohydrates? The ... Read More
An alternator is an electromechanical energy conversion device that converts mechanical energy into alternating current electrical energy. An alternator is basically a synchronous generator that produces electricity at a certain frequency. To drive the alternator, a prime mover is used. Some commonly used prime movers are steam turbine, water turbine, gas turbine, and diesel engine. Like any other rotating electrical machine, different types of faults can also occur in an alternator. Due to these faults, we get a reduced efficiency and performance of the alternator. Further, these faults can cause malfunctioning or complete failure of the alternator that imposes ... Read More
Introduction As Friedrich Wohler demonstrated in the early 1800s, organic chemicals can be synthesised in a laboratory from minerals and other non-organic materials. The first organic compound synthesized is urea. Organic chemistry was once assumed to be limited to the study of molecules formed as part of the natural processes of living creatures. For the creation of synthetic chemicals, insecticides, and a variety of other things, modern chemistry and materials sciences have focused on the extraordinary capabilities of carbon atoms. The carbon in organic molecules is usually always linked to another carbon atom or hydrogen. Define Organic Compounds? Any kind ... Read More
In electrical machines, an induction motor is a type of alternating current (AC) motor which operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Induction motors are classified into two types depending on the power supply used; they are single-phase induction motors and three-phase induction motors. In this article, we will primarily focus on studying about three-phase induction motors and their faults. One of the important points about three-phase induction motors is that they are very commonly used in a wide range of domestic, commercial, and industrial applications due their smaller size, low cost, and higher efficiency. Before going to discuss ... Read More
Introduction The quantity of energy released or absorbed when a neutral isolated gaseous atom absorbs an $\mathrm{e^{-}}$ to create a negatively charged anion is described as electron gain enthalpy. When the $\mathrm{e^{-}}$ joins with the isolated gaseous atom, energy can be produced or absorbed, depending on whether the process is exothermic or endothermic. The greater the energy released during the mixing process, the greater the electron gain enthalpy, indicated as π₯π»ππ. $$\mathrm{X(g)\:+\:e^{-}\rightarrow\:X^{-}(g)}$$ Normally, exothermic processes occur, resulting in a negative electron gain enthalpy. Because halogens only require one atom to achieve the noble gas configuration, they have a substantially negative ... Read More
Solar energy is becoming one of the most popular methods of generating electricity. It is because the solar energy is clean and does not cause any environment pollution like green-house effect, air pollution, etc. Also, it is renewable, as it will deplete over time. The solar energy is freely available from the sun light and we can develop certain kind of mechanisms like solar panels to utilize the solar energy. A solar panel is an opto-electric device that is used for converting energy from sun light into electricity. Based on the technology used in manufacturing the solar panels, there are ... Read More
In electrical power system, there is a device called Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) used to adjust the voltage levels within a desired limit. In other words, an automatic voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that is primarily used for regulating the output voltage of an electric generator, so that we can obtain a constant voltage even when the load is fluctuating. This tutorial will explain the construction, working, needs, advantages, and applications of automatic voltage regulators (AVRs). So, letβs start with the basic introduction of automatic voltage regulator. What is an Automatic Voltage Regulator? An AVR or Automatic Voltage Regulator ... Read More
Monocrystalline solar panels are one of the most popular types of solar panel available in the market and is used for generating electricity from sunlight. The primary reason behind its popularity is its relatively high efficiency in all weather conditions. Although it is a relatively expensive solar panel than other types of solar panels. In this article, I will explain all the important concepts of the monocrystalline solar panel, such as its construction, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. So, letβs start with the basic introduction of the monocrystalline solar cell which is its fundamental building block. What is a ... Read More
In an electrical system, there are three types of conductors used, they are phase, neutral, and ground. In general, the neutral wire is grounded for safety and stability reasons. But sometimes, a condition occurs where the neutral wire of the systems is disconnected from the ground terminal, this condition is known as floating neutral. In some special situations, the neutral wire is intentionally left isolated from the ground terminal, this is also known as floating neutral. In this article, we will learn about floating neutral in electrical systems, its effects, causes, and methods of testing and fixing the floating ... Read More
Introduction A chord is a line segment connecting any two points located on the circumference of the circle . The circle is a well-known two-dimensional shape used in Euclidean geometry. It has various components, including chord, radius, diameter, etc. In this tutorial, we will discuss the definition, formulae, and some theorems related to the chord of a circle. Circles The circle is a two-dimensional figure drawn on a plane in such a way that each point on the circle is equidistant to a fixed point. The fixed point is known as the center of the circle. The dimension of ... Read More