Print concentric rectangular pattern in a 2d matrix in C++

In this problem, we have to print a rectangular pattern in a 2D matrix in such a way that they are concentric to each other.

Let’s take an example to understand this problem better,

For n=4 is :
   4 4 4 4 4 4 4
   4 3 3 3 3 3 4
   4 3 2 2 2 3 4
   4 3 2 1 2 3 4
   4 3 2 2 2 3 4
   4 3 3 3 3 3 4
   4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Here, we have to print the pattern as above taking n, integer value and print concentric rectangles as −

n  n   n   n  n
n n-1 n-1 n-1 n
n n-1 n-2 n-1 n
n n-1 n-1 n-1 n
n  n   n   n  n

Now, in this problem, as we can see there are (2n-1) columns and rows in the 2D matrix in total. This 2D matrix is printed in two parts. The upper one will be from 0 to (2n-1)/2 and the lower half will be from ((2n-1)/2+1) to 2n-2.

Now, each row will go on decreasing value by 1 until the number reaches the number of rows i.e. 1 to i (no. of rows). Then it increases the number back to n.

Example

Using this logic lets create a program to solve the problem,

 Live Demo

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void print2Dsequence(int n){
   int s = 2 * n - 1;
   for (int i = 0; i < (s / 2) + 1; i++) {
      int m = n;
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
         cout << m << " ";
         m--;
      }
      for (int k = 0; k < s - 2 * i; k++) {
         cout << n - i << " ";
      }
      m = n - i + 1;
      for (int l = 0; l < i; l++) {
         cout << m << " ";
         m++;
      }
      cout << endl;
   }
   for (int i = s / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      int m = n;
      for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
         cout << m << " ";
         m--;
      }
      for (int k = 0; k < s - 2 * i; k++) {
         cout << n - i << " ";
      }
      m = n - i + 1;
      for (int l = 0; l < i; l++) {
         cout << m << " ";
         m++;
      }
      cout << endl;
   }
}
int main(){
   int n = 4;
   cout<<"The sequence of concurrent rectangle of 4 is : \n";
   print2Dsequence(n);
   return 0;
}

Output

The sequence of the concurrent rectangle of 4 is −

4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 3 3 3 3 3 4
4 3 2 2 2 3 4
4 3 2 1 2 3 4
4 3 2 2 2 3 4
4 3 3 3 3 3 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4