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Postman Cheat Sheet
This Postman Cheat Sheet is based on the official documentation page of Postman (which is available in the below link) and from the overall knowledge on Postman −
https://learning.postman.com/docs/getting-started/introduction/
a. Variables
All the variables can be set up manually from the GUI of Postman and they have a defined scope. The values of the variables can also be set with the help of scripts written under the Pre-request Script or Tests tab.
The variables can be added in the request URL, Headers and Body in the format as {{<variable name>}}.
Usage in request URL −
https://{{domain}}about/{{id}}
Usage in request Headers(key-value):
X-{{key}}:valueUsage in request Body −
{"registration_id": "{{Id}}", "firstname": "Postman"}b. Global Variables
The Global variables are used when we need to send data to other requests. The script to add a Global variable can be included either in the Tests or Pre-request Script tab in Postman.
To set a Global variable −
pm.globals.set('<name of Global variable>', '<value of variable>')To get the value of a Global variable −
pm.globals.get('<name of Global variable>')
To delete a Global variable, the script is −
pm.globals.unset('<name of Global variable>')To delete all Global variable, the script is −
pm.globals.clear()
c. Collection Variables
Collection variables are a good alternative to the Global and Environment variables. They can also be used for URLs/ authentication credentials in case there is only one Environment. The script to add a Collection variable can be included either in the Tests or Pre-request Script tab in Postman.
To set a Collection variable −
pm.CollectionVariables.set('<name of variable>', '<value of variable>')To get the value of a Collection variable −
pm.CollectionVariables.get('<name of Collection variable>')
To delete a Collection variable, the script is−
pm.CollectionVariables.unset('<name of Collection variable>')d. Environment Variables
The Environment variables are used for a particular Environment. They are a good alternative to the Global variables as they have a limited scope. The script to add a Global variable can be included either in the Tests or Pre-request Script tab in Postman.
Environment variables are used to hold variables specific for an Environment, URLs, and to send data to other requests.
To set an Environment variable −
pm.environment.set('<name of Environment variable>', '<value of variable>')To get an Environment variable −
pm.environment.get('<name of Environment variable>')To delete an Environment variable −
pm.environment.unset('<name of Environment variable>')
To delete all Environment variables, the script is −
pm.environment.clear()
To get the name of the active Environment, the script is −
pm.environment.name
e. Data Variables
Data variables are used for execution of a particular iteration in a Collection Runner or Newman. They are mainly used where there are multiple data-sets from a CSV/JSON file.
To get the value of a Data variable −
pm.iterationData.get('<name of Data variable>')f. Local Variables
Local variables can be accessed within a request or while executing via Collection Runner/Newman. These variables are removed by default once the request has been executed.
To set a Local variable −
pm.variables.set('<name of Local variable>', '<value of variable>')
To get a Local variable −
pm.variables.get('<name of Local variable>')g. Dynamic Variables
Dynamic variables can be used with strings to generate dynamic and distinct data.
Example of dynamic variable in JSON body −
{"email": "test.{{$timestamp}}@gmail.com"}h. Debugging Variables
Launch the Postman Console and add console.log in the scripts under the Pre-request Scripts or Tests tab to debug a variable.
console.log(pm.globals.get('< name of Global variable >')i. Assertions
Assertions are added under the block with pm.test callback.
pm.test("Response Status Code", function () {
pm.response.to.have.status(201)
})j. Skipping Tests
To skip a test, we have to add pm.test.skip. The skipped tests are visible on the reports.
pm.test.skip("Response Status Code", function () {
pm.response.to.have.status(201)
})k. Failing Tests
In Postman, we can explicitly fail a test without adding an Assertion.
pm.expect.fail('Scenario is failed');
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