What are the chemical properties of metals and non-metals?

The chemical properties of metals are given below:-

• The density of metals is usually high.

• Metals are malleable and ductile.

• Metals form an alloy with other metals or non-metals.

• Some metals react with air and corrode. For e.g. Iron.

• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Lead is an exception.

• Generally, metals are in a solid-state at room temperature. Except for Mercury. Mercury is in a liquid state.

• Many metals produce metal oxide by burning in the oxygen of the air. Highly reactive metals react violently when they’re burnt in oxygen.

• Metals like sodium and potassium are stored in oil as they react with air in seconds. They’re highly reactive metals.

• Less reactive metals like gold, silver, platinum, etc do not tarnish easily. They stay shiny and lustrous.

• Metals produce metal oxide and hydrogen gas while reacting with water.

• Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water and create metal hydroxide.

• Not all metals react with water. However, highly reactive metals like sodium and potassium react with water violently and an exothermic reaction takes places where the hydrogen immediately catches fire.

• Salt and hydrogen are produced when a metal reacts with an acid.

• Generally, a metal displaces a less reactive metal in a metal salt solution.

The chemical properties of non-metals are given below

• Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite and Gas carbon are exceptions.

• Unlike metals, nonmetals aren’t malleable and ductile.

• Nonmetals react more with metals than with nonmetals.

• Usually, nonmetals react with other nonmetals in high temperature.

• Most nonmetals do not react with air in room temperature.

• White phosphorus is the only nonmetal that reacts with air to form its oxide by burning.

• Usually, nonmetals do not react with water. Except for Chlorine, chlorine dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.

• Nonmetals have a low density.

• They do not form alloys. However, nonmetals like carbon, silicon and phosphorous.

• Nonmetals exist in all states of matter at room temperature.

• Different nonmetals have different reactions.

• Chlorine is the most reactive metal in the halogen family i.e. Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Fluorine (F). The reactivity order of the halogen family is Cl > Br > I.

• Therefore, Chlorine (Cl) can displace Bromine (Br) and Iodine (I) from solutions of bromides (NaBr) and Iodides (NaI).

• Ionic solids are formed when nonmetals with high electronegativity react with alkali and alkaline earth metals.