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(a) Describe, giving equation, a chemical reaction which is characteristic of saturated hydrocarbons (or alkanes).
(b) What is an oxidising agent? Name two oxidising agents which can oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid.
(c) Describe one reaction of a carboxylic acid.
(a) Substitution reaction is a characteristic of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes). It is the reaction in which one or more hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced by other atoms.
Methane reacts with chlorine in the presence of sunlight to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride. In this reaction, the hydrogen atom from methane is replaced by the chlorine atom.
The chemical equation for the reaction is given below:
$CH_4 + Cl_2 → CH_3Cl + HCl$
(b) An oxidising agent is a reactant that readily transfers oxygen atoms to another substance by reducing itself in the process.
Two oxidising agents that can oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid are alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7).
(c) Ethanoic acid is a carboxylic acid that reacts with ethanol (alcohol) produces sweet-smelling ester by the process known as esterification.
The chemical equation for the reaction is given below:
$CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \xrightarrow{conc.H_2SO_4} CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O$
Updated on: 10-Oct-2022
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