MATLAB - Vectors

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A vector is a one-dimensional array of numbers. MATLAB allows creating two types of vectors −

• Row vectors
• Column vectors

Row Vectors

Row vectors are created by enclosing the set of elements in square brackets, using space or comma to delimit the elements.

r = [7 8 9 10 11]

MATLAB will execute the above statement and return the following result −

r =

   7    8    9   10   11 

Column Vectors

Column vectors are created by enclosing the set of elements in square brackets, using semicolon to delimit the elements.

c = [7;  8;  9;  10; 11]

MATLAB will execute the above statement and return the following result −

c =
      7       
      8       
      9       
      10       
      11  
 

Referencing the Elements of a Vector

You can reference one or more of the elements of a vector in several ways. The i^th component of a vector v is referred as v(i). For example −

v = [ 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6];	% creating a column vector of 6 elements
v(3)

MATLAB will execute the above statement and return the following result −

ans =  3

When you reference a vector with a colon, such as v(:), all the components of the vector are listed.

v = [ 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6];	% creating a column vector of 6 elements
v(:)

MATLAB will execute the above statement and return the following result −

ans =
     1
     2
     3
     4
     5
     6

MATLAB allows you to select a range of elements from a vector.

For example, let us create a row vector rv of 9 elements, then we will reference the elements 3 to 7 by writing rv(3:7) and create a new vector named sub_rv.

rv = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9];
sub_rv = rv(3:7)

MATLAB will execute the above statement and return the following result −

sub_rv =

   3   4   5   6   7

Vector Operations

In this section, let us discuss the following vector operations −

• Addition and Subtraction of Vectors

• Scalar Multiplication of Vectors

• Transpose of a Vector

• Appending Vectors

• Magnitude of a Vector

• Vector Dot Product

• Vectors with Uniformly Spaced Elements