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Difference Between Conjugated Bilirubin and Unconjugated Bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellowish substance that is produced in the body as a result of the breakdown of hemoglobin. It is an important pigment that is responsible for the yellow color of urine and feces. Bilirubin is transported in the blood to the liver, where it is processed and excreted from the body. There are two forms of bilirubin: conjugated bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin. In this essay, we will explore the differences between these two forms of bilirubin.
What is Conjugated Bilirubin?
Conjugated bilirubin, also known as direct bilirubin, is a form of bilirubin that is water-soluble and can be excreted by the body. This form of bilirubin is produced in the liver as a result of the conversion of unconjugated bilirubin. Conjugated bilirubin is then transported to the gallbladder, where it is stored until it is released into the small intestine. In the small intestine, conjugated bilirubin is further metabolized by bacteria and excreted from the body in the form of feces.
What is Unconjugated Bilirubin?
Unconjugated bilirubin, also known as indirect bilirubin, is a form of bilirubin that is not water- soluble and cannot be excreted by the body. This form of bilirubin is produced in the spleen and bone marrow as a result of the breakdown of hemoglobin. Unconjugated bilirubin is transported in the blood to the liver, where it is converted into a water-soluble form called conjugated bilirubin
Differences: Conjugated Bilirubin and Unconjugated Bilirubin
The primary difference between conjugated bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin is their solubility. Conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble and can be excreted by the body, while unconjugated bilirubin is not water-soluble and cannot be excreted by the body. This means that unconjugated bilirubin must be converted into a water-soluble form before it can be excreted from the body.
Another important difference between conjugated bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin is their clinical significance. Elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood can lead to a condition known as hyperbilirubinemia, which can cause jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes. This condition is often seen in newborn infants, who have an immature liver that is unable to process bilirubin efficiently.
Elevated levels of conjugated bilirubin in the blood can also be a sign of liver disease or obstruction of the bile ducts. This condition is known as cholestasis and can cause jaundice, itching, and abdominal pain.
The following table highlights the major differences between Conjugated Bilirubin and Unconjugated Bilirubin −
Characteristics |
Conjugated Bilirubin |
Unconjugated Bilirubin |
|---|---|---|
Definition |
The fraction of the bilirubin, conjugated with glucuronic acid in the liver to form bilirubindiglucuronide is called conjugated bilirubin. |
The fraction of the bilirubin, not conjugated in the liver is called unconjugated bilirubin. |
Solubility |
The conjugated bilirubin is soluble in water, insoluble in fat and alcohol. |
The unconjugated bilirubin is insoluble in water, soluble in fat and alcohol. |
Molecular weight |
The conjugated bilirubin has small molecular weight and can be filtered through the kidney. |
The unconjugated bilirubin has high molecular weight and cannot be filtered through the kidney. |
Conclusion
In summary, conjugated bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin are two forms of bilirubin that are produced in the body. Conjugated bilirubin is water-soluble and can be excreted by the body, while unconjugated bilirubin is not water-soluble and must be converted into a water-soluble form before it can be excreted.
Elevated levels of both forms of bilirubin can be a sign of liver disease or obstruction of the bile ducts and can lead to jaundice and other symptoms.
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