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Articles by Gayatri Talakokkula
Page 2 of 4
Fundamentals of Molecular Biochemistry
Introduction to Molecular Biochemistry Molecular biochemistry is a sub-division under biochemistry of biology which mainly involves in studying the chemical processes that undergoes or takes place within all the living organisms at a molecular level. This study of science deals with the areas like metabolisms, cell pathophysiology, membrane and enzyme biochemistry, ion transport across the biological membranes, lipid biochemistry, nuclear structures and their functions, protein chemistry and many other components of molecular biology etc. As it also covers the major portion of the biochemistry and molecular biology, it often gets confused with that sciences. However, biochemistry deals mainly with the ...
Read MoreFundamentals of Biochemistry, Biocomputing, and Biostatistics
What is Biostatistics? Biostatistics is the science which applies the statistics to a wide range of concepts in biology. Statistics mainly involves data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation. Importance of Biostatistics The Bio statistical science mainly deals with the development and application of most suitable methods for the following purposes. Data Collection - Here the facts are expressed in quantitative form and for this the data is obtained from the primary and secondary sources. Presenting the Collected Data – Data is presented in tabular form as a classification of data and through charts called charting of data. ...
Read MoreFundamentals and Principles of Immunology
Basics of Immunology: Immune System Immunology is the study of an immune system which provides resistance to disease caused by the micro-organisms and their products like toxins. This resistance is termed as immunity and this also provides resistance even to cancer cells. Immune system mainly works on following principle strategies − It prevents the pathogen entry into the body Eliminates the invaded pathogens by involving different immune cells. Preventing the attack on the host’s own or self-cells. Stored memory of previously invaded pathogens by T and B cells. Should able to limit its immune response once the pathogen is ...
Read MoreEnzyme Technology: Applications and Commercial Significance
What are Enzymes? Enzymes are the substances which acts as catalyst in regulating various chemical reactions in living organisms. The presence of these enzymes speeds up the reaction by being itself unaltered. Enzymes which are also called as biocatalysts are the protein molecules made up of long chain of amino acids. These long chains are usually folded to form an active site in an enzyme. The substrate which then binds to this site forming a complex. Once the reaction is done the products are released making the enzyme available for other reactions. The enzyme's catalytic activity depends mainly on ...
Read MoreEco Friendly Agriculture Chemicals: Bio pesticides, Bio-Herbicides, and Bio Fertilizers
Introduction Fertility of soil is defined as the soil’s ability to support the healthy growth of the plants. Soil has two major components like living and non-living components. Non-living components of the soil provides the substrate for anchorage and helps in supplying the water, air and nutrients whereas the living components which includes microbial diversity helps in regulating the availability of nutrients and providing the growth regulators to the plants for their vital growth and activity. So continuous usage of the synthesized chemical fertilizers in agricultural crops may deplete these living microbes like bacteria and fungi and macro-organisms like earthworms, ...
Read MoreBioremediation of Contaminated Soil Using Microbes
Introduction to Bioremediation and Microbes Bioremediation is the use of natural or deliberately introduced micro-organisms to consume and break down hazardous pollutants into less toxic compounds in order to clean an environmentally polluted site. Bioremediation is usually carried out by plants and microbes like bacteria and fungi. The contaminants may be naturally occurring compounds which are present in high concentrations like crude oil, heavy metals etc. and chemically synthesized compounds like xenobiotics. Abundance of bacteria is represented by the soil where 1gm of soil contains up to billions of bacterial cells. Bacterial activity is of much important in the ...
Read MoreAnalytical Techniques and Bioinformatics
Analytical Chemistry Analytical chemistry is the science which deals with the application of different processes to identify or quantify a substance, to identify components in a given sample mixture and to determine the structure of the chemical compounds. Analysis of a particular substance is required right from the starting of raw material till the end pharmaceutical formulation. Even after the completion of formulation, it requires an analysis of percentage content of active ingredient. Hence the analysis becomes an integral part of the pharmaceutical industry. Classification of Analytical Techniques Analytical techniques are mainly classified into two types. These are − ...
Read MoreAir Treatment Technologies: Bioscrubbers and Biofilters.
Introduction The condition in which the air is contaminated by foreign substances interfering with the human welfare like agriculture and health also causes environment damage is called air pollution. There are many pollutants which shows adverse effects on agriculture. These include Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide or Ammonia Hydrogen Sulfide As agriculture and some industries are well known for contributing the green-house emissions like methane and carbon dioxide, these lands are usually equipped with the air treatment technology systems. These air pollutants are also by-products of farm animal’s digestion process. Some of the emerging biological technologies which helps ...
Read MoreSimilarities and Differences between Memory T Cells and Memory B Cells
Introduction Memory cells are long-lived immune cells capable of recognizing foreign particles that they had encountered previously. Memory cells capture the antigen or components of foreign antigen that invades our body and provides protection against them very fast when compared to the initial attack. Antigen exposure and its immune response usually 2 types Initial Exposure – Primary immune response, here the memory does not take part in providing an immune response. Secondary Exposure (when a similar kind or same antigen attacks the immune system) – Here memory cells start initiating the secondary immune response Here the time ...
Read MorePlasma - Amber-Colored Liquid Component of Blood
Introduction Blood plasma is the fluid portion of the blood which is usually transparent and straw-colored. The importance of blood is mainly due to the plasma as it is the one which carries a lot of important material and transports it throughout the body. Plasma is usually isolated as a clear fluid along with the RBC, WBC, and platelets when we centrifuge the blood. RBCs are the heaviest and usually settle down at the bottom of the centrifuge tube, white viscous coat found in the middle contains WBCs and platelets and the upper layer of the tube contains plasma. ...
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