Introduction Blood plasma is the fluid portion of the blood which is usually transparent and straw-colored. The importance of blood is mainly due to the plasma as it is the one which carries a lot of important material and transports it throughout the body. Plasma is usually isolated as ... Read More

Introduction Plant growth regulators which are also called plant hormones are the ones that regulate the growth of a plant. These PGRs act as signaling molecules. These PGRs are produced within the plant in extremely low concentrations. These hormones are produced by the cells of a plant and not all ... Read More

Introduction Natural killer cells or NK cells are a type of lymphocytes derived from lymphoid stem cells. These are the important components of innate immunity and eliminate pathogens by releasing some chemicals called cytokines which are similar to the ones produced by the T cells. Natural killer cells are indeed ... Read More

Introduction Totipotency is the ability of the cells to give rise to a whole new organism providing appropriate nutritional and environmental conditions. This property of Totipotency is seen in spores and zygotes. In plants, this Totipotency is seen in meristematic cells. In Totipotency, every single cell can form either ... Read More

Introduction Lymphocytes are the type of white blood cells in the immune system. These are the main type of cells found in the lymph of a lymphatic system. These constitute about 18-42% of the circulating leukocytes present in the lymph. Usually, lymph contains waste products from the tissues, pathogens from ... Read More

What is Lymphatic System and How Does it, Work? Within the human body, there is a system that works as a drainage network helping to keep the fluids balanced while also helping to fight against infections. This network is called the lymphatic system which works with the circulatory system. The ... Read More

Lymph Nodes in Relation to an Immune System Lymph nodes are the secondary lymphoid organs of the lymphatic system. Usually the term lymphoid belongs to immune system-related functions. The lymphatic system which is an extension of the circulatory system usually carries the lymph back to the bloodstream. This lymphatic system ... Read More

What is an Infection? In clinical microbiology, to have knowledge of the basics one should learn to know a few very important terms like infection, immunity, disease, etc. The main terms infection and immunity are the effects which are resulted from an interaction between the host and a micro-organism. Infection ... Read More

Introduction Term Germplasm is explained as all the genotypes of a species that could be used for breeding a new genotype. Germplasm conservation is the most effective way for maintaining the genetic traits of endangered and commercially important plants. It must be protected to ensure variability for future species improvement. ... Read More

What is Regeneration? Every organism either a plant or an animal has a natural ability to grow and regenerate to a variable extent. This includes an example that every day millions of cells die and for us to survive we need to replace them with new and healthy cells. Similarly, ... Read More