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Articles by Gayatri Talakokkula
Page 4 of 4
Difference Between Biofilters and Bioscrubbers
Introduction Biofilters and Bioscrubbers are the two biotechnology systems that help in controlling air pollution and odor control. Here we use biological organisms for the removal of toxins as the harmful gases and odors caused by the activities of the industries and enterprises pose a great threat to human and environmental health. How Biological Control Systems Take Out the Odor? Typically, all the biological systems use naturally occurring bacteria that feed on odor-producing substances as a food choice. Some of the bacteria are listed below Acidophilus bacteria are primarily used for the removal of H2S odor. Specific bacteria ...
Read MoreCentral Tolerance or Negative Selection: Function, Mechanism and Associated Diseases
Introduction Our immune system produces a nearly infinite number of lymphocytes and each of these expresses unique antigen-specific receptors on its cell membrane. These receptors are encoded by the random re-arrangement of pre-existing gene segments. Antigen-specific receptors are usually generated in the early development stages of lymphocytes which is prior to the encounter with the specific antigens. These antigen-specific receptors on the T-cells are called TCR and on B cells called BCR. These lymphocyte receptors when encounters a specific antigen, get stimulated and undergo proliferation to produce the clone of specific lymphocytes, and at last these get differentiated into effector ...
Read MoreAntibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Introduction ADCC is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune response where an effector cell actively involves in the lysis of the target cells which have the antigens bound to the specific antibodies. If a human body is infected by several pathogens like bacteria, in that case, our body produces antibodies that can neutralize these pathogens. Here in this case of ADCC, several cellular mediators or the effector cells recognize one portion of these antibodies which are bound to the antigens, and engulf the whole cell coated by these antibodies. This is cell-mediated cytotoxicity as it involves the effector cells. ...
Read MoreAnther and Microspore Culture Through Micropropagation
What are Anther and Microspore Cultures? Anther culture is a technique where the developing anther that contains microspores is cut aseptically from unopened flower buds and then cultured on the nutrient medium for the purpose of generating haploid plants. Microspore or pollen culture is an in-vitro technique where the pollen grains at the uni-nucleated stage are isolated by squeezing from an intact anther and then cultured on a nutrient medium. Both the anther and pollen or microspore cultures are widely used for haploid production for crop improvement. Micropropagation It is the vegetative propagation (multiplication) of the plant under ...
Read MoreAgglutination - Definition, Reactions, and Applications
Introduction Agglutination is a type of antigen-antibody reaction where the antibody interacts with the particulate antigen which eventually gives us visible clumping. Here antigen is not soluble in the aqueous environment. Antibodies here are called agglutinins and antigens are called agglutinogens. Clumping is due to the cross-linking between a polyvalent antigen and agglutinins. RBC Agglutination Principle Antigens involved in the agglutination reaction are surface antigens present on erythrocytes, bacterial particles or antigens attached to some matrix. These particles involved in agglutination reaction should have multiple binding sites to form cross links resulting in clumping. To form a visible clumping ...
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