Suppose we have an array of integers, in range 1 ≤ a[i] ≤ n (n = size of an array), here some elements appear twice and others appear once. We have to find all the elements that appear twice in this array. So if the array is [4, 3, 2, ... Read More

Lexicographic string comparison states the strings are compared in dictionary order. For example, if two strings ‘apple’ and ‘appeal’ are there, the first string will come next because the first three characters ‘app’ are the same. Then for the first string, the character is ‘l’ and in the second string, ... Read More

An algorithm is defined as a finite set of instructions that, if followed, performs a particular task. All algorithms must satisfy the following criteria - Input An algorithm has zero or more inputs, taken or collected from a specified set of objects. Output An algorithm has one or more ... Read More

The all pair shortest path algorithm is also known as Floyd-Warshall algorithm is used to find all pair shortest path problem from a given weighted graph. As a result of this algorithm, it will generate a matrix, which will represent the minimum distance from any node to all other nodes ... Read More

Algorithm AnalysisAnalysis of efficiency of an algorithm can be performed at two different stages, before implementation and after implementation, asA priori analysis − This is defined as theoretical analysis of an algorithm. Efficiency of algorithm is measured by assuming that all other factors e.g. speed of processor, are constant and ... Read More

Suppose we have a complex number class with real and imaginary part. We shall have to overload the addition (+) operator to add two complex number. We also have to define a function to return complex number in proper representation.So, if the input is like c1 = 8 - 5i, ... Read More

The Data Type is basically a type of data that can be used in different computer program. It signifies the type like integer, float etc, the space like integer will take 4-bytes, character will take 1-byte of space etc.The abstract datatype is special kind of datatype, whose behavior is defined ... Read More

An operating system (OS) is basically a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. Operating system is a crucial component of the system software in a computer system.Time-Sharing Operating Systems is one of the important type of operating system.Time-sharing enables many people, ... Read More

An array is a linear sequential data structure to hold homogeneous data in consecutive memory locations. Like other data structures, an array also must-have features to insert, delete, traverse and update elements in some efficient way. In C++, our arrays are static. There are a few dynamic array structures also ... Read More

Suppose we have four numbers a, b, c, and d. We shall have to find maximum among them by making our own function. So we shall create one max() function that takes two numbers as input and finds the maximum, then using them we shall find maximum of all four ... Read More