Trunks Definition Trunks are a large-bandwidth communication channels connecting switching centres, forming the core of the telephone network. A trunk comprises of a cluster of broadcast frequencies that are suitable for long haul communication of many voice and data signals simultaneously. Features The characteristic features of a trunk are − ... Read More

Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a technique of digitally representing analog signals. It takes samples of the amplitude of the analog signal and changes it to binary data. PCM technique is used by codecs in telephone networks to convert analog signals in local loops to digital signals in the trunks, ... Read More

Stored Procedure In MySQL, a stored procedure can be called with the help of call statement. A stored procedure returns more than one value. A stored procedure returns 0 by default. It cannot be used in SQL query and is based on precompile. Function A function can be called inside ... Read More

Enhanced Data-rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is an improved version of GSM providing higher data transmission rate than GSM, while being compatible with the older systems. Features It was standardized by 3GPP as a part of GSM family and was deployed in GSM networks in 2003. The other names ... Read More

Let us now see the following methods to calculate the time difference between two timestamps in seconds. Method The following is the query to calculate the difference between two timestamps. mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMPDIFF(SECOND, '2018-10-17 11:51:55', '2018-10-17 11:51:58'); The following is the output in seconds. +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ... Read More

The prev() function rewinds the internal array pointer. It outputs the previous element in the array. Syntax prev(arr) Parameters arr − The specified array. Required. Return The pos() function returns the value of the previous element in an array. Example The following is an example − ... Read More

The rank() function can be used to give a rank for every row within the partition of a result set. First, let us create a table − mysql> create table RankDemo mysql> ( mysql> id int mysql> ); Query OK, ... Read More

To do a batch insert, we need to use all column names with parenthesis, separated by ‘, ’. Let us see an example. First, we will create a table. The following is the CREATE command to create a table. mysql> CREATE table MultipleRecordWithValues - > ( ... Read More

To open root access from all hosts, we need to change the database to “mysql” with the help of USE command. The syntax of USE command is as follows − USE anyDatabasename; Now, I will use predefined database ‘mysql’, which is as follows − mysql> use mysql; ... Read More

Voice over long-term evolution or Voice-over LTE (VoLTE) are the standards in all-IP networks for voice communication as well as data communication over 4G LTE networks. VoLTE offers services like creating, provisioning and managing high-speed voice, data, multimedia and messaging services on a 4G wireless network for mobile and ... Read More