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Python Articles
Page 842 of 855
Accessing The Unix/Linux password database (pwd)
The pwd module in standard library of Python provides access to the password database of user accounts in a Unix/Linux operating system. Entries in this Password database are atored as a tuple-like object. The structure of tuple is according to following passwd structure pwd.h file in CPython APIIndexAttributeMeaning0pw_nameLogin name1pw_passwdOptional encrypted password2pw_uidNumerical user ID3pw_gidNumerical group ID4pw_gecosUser name or comment field5pw_dirUser home directory6pw_shellUser command interpreterThe pwd module defines the following functions −>>> import pwd >>> dir(pwd) ['__doc__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'getpwall', 'getpwnam', 'getpwuid', 'struct_passwd']getpwnam() − This function returns record in the password database corresponding to the specified user name>>> pwd.getpwnam('root') pwd.struct_passwd(pw_name ...
Read MorePage Rank Algorithm and Implementation using Python
The PageRank algorithm is applicable in web pages. Web page is a directed graph, we know that the two components of Directed graphsare -nodes and connections. The pages are nodes and hyperlinks are the connections, the connection between two nodes.We can find out the importance of each page by the PageRank and it is accurate. The value of the PageRank is the probability will be between 0 and 1.The PageRank value of individual node in a graph depends on the PageRank value of all the nodes which connect to it and those nodes are cyclically connected to the nodes whose ...
Read MoreDifferent Methods to find Prime Number in Python
First we need to know what a prime number is.A prime number always a positive integer number and divisible by exactly 2 integers (1 and the number itself), 1 is not a prime number.Now we shall discuss some methods to find Prime Number.Method1Using For loopsExampledef primemethod1(number): # Initialize a list my_primes = [] for pr in range(2, number): isPrime = True for i in range(2, pr): if pr % i == 0: isPrime = False if isPrime: my_primes.append(pr) print(my_primes) primemethod1(50)Output[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, ...
Read MorePython program to check if a string is palindrome or not
Given a string, our task is to check weather this string is palindrome or not.AlgorithmStep1: Enter string as an input. Step2: Using string slicing we reverse the string and compare it back to the original string. Step3: Then display the result.Example codemy_string=input("Enter string:") if(my_string==my_string[::-1]): print("The string is a palindrome") else: print("The string isn't a palindrome")OutputEnter string:madam The string is a palindrome Enter string:python The string isn't a palindrome
Read MoreDeque in Python
The Deque is basically a generalization of stack and queue structure, where it is initialized from left to right. It uses the list object to create a deque.It provides O(1) time complexity for popping and appending.The Dequeis a standard library class, which is located in the collections module.To use it at first we need to import it the collections standard library module.import collectionsIn this section we will see some functions of the Deque classThe Appending functions on DequeThere are two different types of append. The append() method is used to add elements at the right end of the queue, and ...
Read MoreRead and write tar archive files using Python (tarfile)
The ‘tar’ utility was originally introduced for UNIX operating system. Its purpose is to collect multiple files in a single archive file often called tarball which makes it easy to distribute the files. Functions in tarfile module of Python’s standard library help in creating tar archives and extracting from the tarball as required. The archives can be constructed with gzip, bz2 and lzma compressions or without any compression at all.Main function defined in this module is main() using which writing to tar file or reading from it is accomplished.Open()This function returns a TarFile object corresponding to file name which is ...
Read MorePython getpass Module
There are two functions defined in getpass module of Python’s standard library. They are useful whenever a terminal based application needs to be executed only after validating user credentials.getpass()This function prompts the user to enter a password. By default the keys entered by user in the terminal are not echoed. Also the default prompt that appears on terminal is ‘password’ which can be customized by providing a string as parameter.In following example, Python prompt is invoked from Command prompt terminal on Windows. The password entered is not echoed in the terminal.C:\python36>python Python 3.6.5 (v3.6.5:f59c0932b4, Mar 28 2018, 17:00:18) [MSC v.1900 ...
Read MoreSupport for line-oriented command interpreters in Pytho
The cmd module contains only one class called Cmd. This is used as base class for a user defined framework for line oriented command line interpreters.CmdAn object of this class or its subclass provides the line oriented interpreter framework. Important methods of this class inherited by the subclass are listed below.cmdloop()This method sends the object in a loop, accepts inputs and sends the same to appropriate command handler method in the class.As the loop starts an introductory message (give as parameter to cmdloop() method) will be displayed with a default (cmd) prompt which may be customized by prompt attribute.The interpreter ...
Read MoreHigh-level file operations in Python (shutil)
A number of functions for hgh level operations on files and directories have been defined in shutil module of Python’s standard library.copy()This function copies a file to a specified file in same or other directory. First parameter to the function is a string representation of existing file. Second argument is either name of resultant file or directory. If it is a directory, the file is coped in it with same name. The metadata of original file is not maintained.>>> import shutil >>> shutil.copy("hello.py", "newdir/") 'newdir/hello.py'copy2()This function is similar to copy() function except for the fact that it retains metadata of ...
Read MoreFile and Directory Comparisons in Python
Python’s standard library has filecmp module that defines functions for comparison of files and directories. This comparison takes into consideration the properties of files in addition to data in them.Example codes in this article use following file and directory structure.Two directories dir1 and dir2 are first created under current working directory. They contain following files.--dir1/newfile.txt-- This is a file in dir1 --dir1/file1.txt-- Hello Python --dir1/file2.txt-- Python Standard Library --dir2/file1.txt-- Hello Python --dir2/file2.txt-- Python LibraryLet us now describe various comparison functions in filecmp module.filecmp.cmp(f1, f2, shallow=True)This function compares the two files and returns True if they are identical, False otherwise. The ...
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