Here we will see how to get time (the elapsed time for the program or any other kind of time).Here we are using linux library for C++. There is a structure called timeval. This timeval stores the time in seconds, milliseconds. We can create two time for start and end, then find the difference from them.Example#include #include #include using namespace std; main() {    struct timeval start_time, end_time;    long milli_time, seconds, useconds;    gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL);    cout > ch;    gettimeofday(&end_time, NULL);    seconds = end_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec; //seconds    useconds = end_time.tv_usec - start_time.tv_usec; //milliseconds ... Read More

In C++, we can use large numbers by using the boost library. This C++ boost library is widely used library. This is used for different sections. It has large domain of applications. For example, using boost, we can use large number like 264 in C++.Here we will see some examples of boost library. We can use big integer datatype. We can use different datatypes like int128_t, int256_t, int1024_t etc. By using this we can get precision up to 1024 easily.At first we are multiplying two huge number using boost library.Example#include #include using namespace boost::multiprecision; using namespace std; int128_t large_product(long ... Read More

Here we will see how to generate random numbers, which are following in a normal distribution. For the normal random, the formula is like below.𝑧 = √−2 ln 𝑥1 cos (2𝜋𝑥2)Here x1 and x2 are chosen randomly.Example#include #include #include #include using namespace std; double rand_gen() {    // return a uniformly distributed random value    return ( (double)(rand()) + 1. )/( (double)(RAND_MAX) + 1. ); } double normalRandom() {    // return a normally distributed random value    double v1=rand_gen();    double v2=rand_gen();    return cos(2*3.14*v2)*sqrt(-2.*log(v1)); } main() {    double sigma = 82.0;    double Mi = 40.0;    for(int i=0;i

We can get the memory usage like virtual memory usage or resident set size etc. at run time. To get them we can use some system libraries. This process depends on operating systems. For this example, we are using Linux operating system.So here we will see how to get the memory usage statistics under Linux environment using C++. We can get all of the details from “/proc/self/stat” folder. Here we are taking the virtual memory status, and the resident set size.Example#include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; void mem_usage(double& vm_usage, double& resident_set) {   ... Read More

One of the most popular and considered as default library of python for image processing is Pillow. Pillow is an updated version of the Python Image Library or PIL and supports a range of simple and advanced image manipulation functionality. It is also the basis for simple image support in other Python libraries such as sciPy and Matplotlib.Installing PillowBefore we start, we need python and pillow. Incase of Linux, pillow will probably be there already, since major flavour of linux including Fedora, Debian/Ubuntu and ArchLinux includes Pillow in packages that previously contained PIL.The easiest way to install it is to ... Read More

A common mistake for people new to programming is a misunderstanding of the way that boolean operators works, which stems from the way the python interpreter reads these expressions. For example, after initially learning about "and " and "or" statements, one might assume that the expression X = (‘x’ or ‘y’) would check to see if the variable X was equivalent to one of the strings ‘a’ or ‘b’. This is not so. To understand, what i’m trying to say, start an interactive session with the interpreter and enter the following expressions:>>> 'x' == ('x' or 'y') True >>> 'y' ... Read More

NZEC is non-zero exit code.Exit codes are codes (number) return by running program to operating system upon either their successfully termination (Exit code 0) or failed termination due to error (Non zero exit code).As python or Java programming language supports exception handling, we can use exception handling using try-catch blocks to catch this error.NZEC error is a runtime error and occurs mostly when negative array index is accesed or the program which we have written is utilizing more memory space than the allocated memory for our program to run.In python Exception class is the super class of all the errors ... Read More

In this post, we are going to learn, how to detect lines in an image, with the help of a technique called Hough transform.Hough transform?Hough transform is a feature extraction method to detect any simple shape, if you can represent that shape in mathematical form. It somehow manage to detect the shape even if it is broken or distorted a little bit. We will see how it works for a line.A “simple” shape is one that can be represented by only a few parameters. For example, a line can be represented by two parameters only (slope, intercept) and a circle ... Read More

Python provides a very simple way of creating or publishing packages.Package management in Python is available through different tools−Pip- It remains one of the preferred choices because it virtually eliminates any manual installs and updates of software packages to operating systems. It manages full lists of packages and their corresponding version numbers, which fosters precise duplication of entire package groups in a distinct, separate environment.Python Package Index (PPI) is a public package repository of user-submitted packages that can be installed using pip .i.e. pip install package_name.Below is a step-by-step procedure on how to upload the package.Step 1: Have a package ... Read More

In this section, we’ll try to automate the movements of mouse and keyboard using pyautogui module in python.Pyautogui is a library that allows you to control the mouse and keyboard to do various things.It  is a cross-platform GUI automation Python module for human beings.As it is a third party library, we need to install it.pip install pyautoguiMouseBelow is program to automate the movement of your mouse. On running your programme, you can see the mouse movement with every command. I run below command on CLI so as to capture the mouse movement. You can try with others different values too.Example>>> ... Read More