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Operating System Articles
Page 156 of 171
Find the Total Size of All Files in a Directory on Linux
Finding the total size of all files in a directory is a common task for Linux system administrators and users who need to monitor disk usage and manage storage effectively. Linux provides several command-line tools and GUI applications to calculate directory sizes in various formats. Understanding directory sizes helps users identify storage bottlenecks, clean up unnecessary files, and optimize system performance. This guide covers multiple methods to find the total size of directories on Linux systems. Finding the Total Size Using Command-Line Tools The du Command The du (disk usage) command is the most commonly used ...
Read MoreList the Size of Each File and Directory and Sort by Size in Linux
Listing and sorting files and directories by size is essential for system administration, disk space management, and file organization. Linux provides multiple command-line tools and GUI methods to accomplish this task efficiently. This guide covers various approaches to list files and directories sorted by their size. Command Line Methods Using the ls Command The ls command is the most common tool for listing directory contents. By default, it sorts entries alphabetically, but you can modify this behavior with specific options. Basic listing with detailed information: ls -la This displays all files (including ...
Read MoreSemaphores in Operating System
Semaphores are integer variables used to solve the critical section problem through two atomic operations: wait and signal. They provide a synchronization mechanism that allows processes to coordinate access to shared resources safely. How Semaphores Work Semaphores use two fundamental operations that must be executed atomically (without interruption): Wait Operation The wait operation decrements the value of its argument S if it is positive. If S is zero or negative, the process blocks until the semaphore becomes positive. wait(S) { while (S
Read MoreComputer System Architecture
A computer system is basically a machine that simplifies complicated tasks. It should maximize performance and reduce costs as well as power consumption. The different components in the Computer System Architecture are Input Unit, Output Unit, Storage Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Control Unit etc. A diagram that shows the flow of data between these units is as follows − Computer System Architecture Control Unit Input Unit ...
Read MoreDifferent types of system calls
The interface between a process and an operating system is provided by system calls. In general, system calls are available as assembly language instructions. They are also included in the manuals used by the assembly level programmers. System calls are usually made when a process in user mode requires access to a resource. Then it requests the kernel to provide the resource via a system call. Types of System Calls There are mainly five types of system calls. These are explained in detail as follows − Types of System Calls ...
Read MoreGet the Full Path of a File in Linux
Every file and folder in Linux has a path that directs the user to it. This path is required for programs and scripts to locate and access files. There are various ways to locate the path to a file or folder if you need to. We can get a full file path with different commands on a Linux machine. In this tutorial, we'll show you how to obtain a file's complete path in Linux using multiple command-line methods. Understanding File Paths in Linux In Linux, there are two different kinds of paths: absolute and relative. A forward ...
Read MoreHow to display the current working directory in the Linux system?
To print the current working directory, we use the pwd command in the Linux system. pwd (print working directory) − The pwd command is used to display the name of the current working directory in the Linux system using the terminal. This is a shell builtin command that is available in most Unix shells such as Bourne shell, ash, bash, ksh, and zsh. Syntax The general syntax of the pwd command is as follows − pwd [-LP] A brief description of options available in the pwd command. Option Description ...
Read MoreWhat is a multiprogramming Operating System?
A multiprogramming operating system is an OS that can execute multiple programs simultaneously using a single processor by keeping several programs loaded in memory at the same time. When one program waits for I/O operations, the CPU switches to execute another program, maximizing resource utilization. The key concept behind multiprogramming is to overcome the limitations of single-program execution where the CPU often remains idle during I/O operations. Instead of wasting CPU cycles, multiprogramming allows the operating system to switch between programs efficiently. How Multiprogramming Works Memory Layout in Multiprogramming System ...
Read MoreHow to change the file owner and group in Linux?
To change the file owner and group, we use the chown command in the Linux operating system. Linux is a multiuser operating system where every file and directory belongs to an owner and group. The chown command allows administrators to transfer ownership and group membership of files and directories. Syntax The general syntax of the chown command is as follows − chown [OPTION]... [OWNER][:[GROUP]] FILE... chown [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE... Common Options Option Description -c, --changes Gives a diagnosis for all files that actually changed ...
Read MoreWhat is an instruction set in a computer?
An instruction set is a collection of commands that a computer processor can understand and execute. These instructions are written in machine language (binary code consisting of 1s and 0s) and control the movement of data and operations within the processor. The instruction set defines what operations the CPU can perform and how it communicates with memory and other system components. Examples of basic instruction types include − ADD − Add two numbers together JUMP − Jump to a designated memory address LOAD − Load information from RAM to the CPU STORE − Save data from CPU ...
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