Introduction In world of programming and computer science, there are different techniques and tools used to solve various problems. One of common problems that programmers encounter is linking errors. When a program is compiled and linked, it has to find necessary libraries to function. However, there are times when linker fails to find required libraries, resulting in a linking error. In this article, we will discuss why -r option (relocatable) makes ld not find any libraries and provide examples. What is -r option? The -r option is a command-line option used with GNU linker, ld. option specifies that output of ... Read More

Introduction License generation is an essential aspect of software development. It ensures that only authorized users have access to specific software, thereby preventing piracy and unauthorized use. One of critical elements of license generation is identification of hostname and host ID. In this article, we will discuss how to identify hostname and host ID for license generation, along with examples. Understanding Hostname and Host ID Before we dive into how to identify hostname and host ID, let's understand what these terms mean. Hostname is label that identifies a device on a network. It is a unique identifier that helps to ... Read More

Introduction When it comes to remote access, SSH (Secure Shell) is one of most widely used protocols for secure communication. It allows users to remotely access and control servers, and also allows for secure transfer of data. However, sometimes you may need to replace and then open stdin/stdout over SSH to improve efficiency of remote access process. This article will explain how to do this, along with examples. Understanding stdin and stdout Before we dive into details, let's first understand what stdin and stdout are. In Unix-based systems, stdin is a file descriptor that represents standard input stream. It is ... Read More

Introduction In today’s world, where usage of computers is everywhere, it’s almost impossible not to encounter a daemon server. Daemon servers are crucial for any system to perform tasks in background, without disturbing user’s experience. They are responsible for tasks such as managing file systems, networking, security, and many more. In this article, we will discuss some general daemon server design best practices using CC++ programming language and Linux operating system. Daemon Server Design The design of a daemon server should be efficient, reliable, and easy to manage. A well-designed daemon server should follow certain best practices, some of which ... Read More

Introduction Encryption is process of converting plain text into an unreadable format known as ciphertext. encrypted text can only be read with help of a secret key or password. In modern era, encryption has become a very important tool for maintaining data privacy and security. ecryptfs is a popular encryption mechanism that is used in Linux-based operating systems. It provides a secure and transparent way to encrypt files, directories, and entire filesystems. It is a stackable filesystem, which means that it can be layered on top of other filesystems to provide encryption. In this article, we will discuss how to ... Read More

As a Linux user, it is essential to have a good understanding of how to determine which individual pages are resident on your system. This knowledge can help you optimize your system's performance and avoid memory issues. In this article, we will discuss different ways to identify resident pages on Linux, including using command-line tools and system monitoring utilities. Understanding Resident Pages Before we dive into ways of identifying resident pages on Linux, let's first understand what resident pages are. When a process in Linux accesses a file or program, kernel copies data into memory to speed up future access. ... Read More

Introduction Cross-compiling is process of compiling program for different system than one it is being compiled on. It is typically done to target embedded systems or compile for a different architecture than host system. process of cross-compiling for ARM is essential when targeting embedded systems that are commonly found in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In this article, we will discuss how to compile native GCC for ARM using a cross-compiler. What is ARM? ARM is a type of processor architecture that is widely used in embedded systems. It is a type of Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architecture that ... Read More

When it comes to downloading files from internet, there are numerous ways to go about it. One such method is using command-line tool Wget, which is an extremely versatile and powerful utility for downloading files. Wget is a popular tool among developers, system administrators, and even casual users due to its simplicity and speed. In this article, we will take a closer look at Wget's ability to download multiple files simultaneously, and how this feature can improve your download speeds. What is Wget? Wget is a command-line utility used for retrieving files from web. It is a non-interactive tool that ... Read More

Introduction Linux is a versatile operating system that is popular among developers, system administrators, and enthusiasts. It offers a variety of tools to help users perform various tasks, and two of most commonly used command-line utilities are curl and wget. Both these commands are used to download files from internet, and while they have some similarities, they also have distinct differences. In this article, we'll compare and contrast curl and wget, including their features, syntax, and use cases. Overview of curl and wget Curl and wget are both command-line tools used to retrieve data from internet. They use different protocols ... Read More

Introduction Linux is an open-source operating system that is widely used for servers, workstations, and mobile devices. It is well-known for its stability, reliability, and security. One of most useful features of Linux is its command-line interface (CLI), which allows users to perform various tasks quickly and efficiently. In this article, we will focus on one of most common tasks in Linux CLI – text search. Text search is an essential task for many Linux users, as it allows them to find specific pieces of text in files, directories, and even across entire system. Linux provides several tools for text ... Read More