Introduction Setting up a server is an essential step in creating a reliable and secure environment for hosting websites, applications, or managing data. In this article, we will explore the process of setting up an Ubuntu server, specifically versions 20.04, 18.04, and 16.04. We will cover the necessary steps, along with practical examples and their corresponding outputs, to help you navigate through the initial server setup process seamlessly. Prerequisites Before diving into the server setup, ensure that you have the following prerequisites in place − An Ubuntu 20.04, 18.04, or 16.04 server instance. A user account with administrative privileges (or ... Read More

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a Linux-based operating system from Red Hat designed for businesses. This article is a practical guide on how to carry out the initial server setup and configurations on RHEL 7. In this tutorial, we will walk you through the essential first steps to prepare a RHEL 7 server for use. Section 1: Logging in as Root After your server boots, you will be able to log in as the root user. The root user is the administrative user in a Linux environment with very broad privileges. Example − ssh root@your_server_ip Section 2: Creating ... Read More

Introduction The burgeoning field of technology constantly introduces innovations designed to boost efficiency, speed, and productivity in diverse arenas, among which data management holds paramount importance. The traditional disc-based databases have played a significant role in data management for years. However, with data volumes escalating exponentially, businesses worldwide are looking for ways to expedite data processing. In this scenario, in-memory databases (IMDBs) stand as a revolutionary alternative. Understanding In-Memory Databases An in-memory database (IMDB) is a database management system that primarily relies on main memory (RAM) for data storage rather than traditional disk storage. This storage scheme empowers IMDBs to ... Read More

Linux has built-in support for two types of Mandatory Access Control (MAC) systems: SELinux and AppArmor. Both systems add an additional layer of access control to the default Discretionary Access Control (DAC) that comes with Linux. In this article, we delve into the implementation of both systems, offering practical examples and their respective outputs. Understanding SELinux and AppArmor SELinux, short for Security-Enhanced Linux, is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies. It is a highly flexible MAC system that assigns labels to every object in the system (files, directories, ports, etc.) and ... Read More

Introduction System monitoring is an essential aspect of Linux administration, as it gives a clear overview of system resources usage, and the performances of various processes and applications running on a Linux system. Several tools provide this functionality, but Htop stands out due to its superior features and user-friendly interface. Htop is an interactive process viewer and system monitor that supersedes the older 'top' utility found in most Linux distributions. Htop offers a real−time, color−coded, and graphical representation of the processes running on a system, with CPU, memory, and swap usage displayed at the top. In this article, we delve ... Read More

Introduction Linux, the popular open-source operating system, comes with a set of useful tools and commands that you can leverage for everyday tasks. One such task is file compression, and Linux provides various methods to zip or compress files and directories. This guide will walk you through how to zip a file in Linux using commands like 'gzip', 'zip', and 'tar'. Using the 'gzip' Command 'gzip' (GNU zip) is a widely-used command for file compression in Linux. Here is an example of how to use it − gzip filename.txt This command will compress the file 'filename.txt' and rename it ... Read More

Awk is a powerful text-processing language named after its three original authors: Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan. It's a versatile language primarily used for pattern scanning and processing. Awk is a staple of Unix scripting and is commonly used for tasks like data extraction, reporting, and data transformation. Awk scripts are quick to write and perform well for small to medium-sized tasks. In this article, we will introduce you to the basics of writing scripts using the Awk programming language. Basic Syntax An Awk program consists of a sequence of pattern-action pairs, written as − pattern { action ... Read More

Markdown is a popular lightweight markup language that allows users to write using an easy−to−read and easy−to−write plain text format, which can then be converted into HTML or other formats. In essence, it simplifies the process of structuring and formatting text. GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM) is a variant of Markdown used by GitHub, incorporating additional features that help developers to document their work. In this article, we're going to delve into how to work with GitHub Flavored Markdown on a Linux system, with practical examples and their output. Basics of GitHub Flavored Markdown Let's start with the basics of GFM. ... Read More

Ansible is a widely−used open−source tool that helps in automating software provisioning, configuration management, and application deployment. One of its powerful features is the ability to use variables and facts, which can simplify your playbooks and tasks, and allow you to design more dynamic, flexible, and reusable automation scripts. In this article, we'll dive into how to work with Ansible variables and facts, showcasing several examples and their corresponding output. Understanding Ansible Variables Variables in Ansible allow for the storage and manipulation of values, which can be utilized across multiple tasks or even different playbooks. Variables can be defined in ... Read More

Python is probably one of the most used programming languages in the tech-driven world of today. The language is popular among developers all around the world because it is flexible, effective, and provides a wide range of third-party modules. PIP is a key element that facilitates Python package management. This post serves as a thorough tutorial for setting up PIP on Linux to manage Python packages. It is filled with useful examples to help you understand. Introduction to PIP The package management system PIP, which stands for "Pip Installs Packages, " is used to install and manage Python software packages. ... Read More