Electrical impedance is the measure of opposition produced by circuit elements in the path of alternating current. Therefore, the electrical impedance is the parameter related to the AC circuit. The electrical impedance is usually denoted by the symbol ‘Z’ and is measured in ohms $\mathrm{(\Omega)}$. The electrical impedance is a complex quantity, i.e. it has both magnitude and phase. The electrical impedance is basically the extended concept of resistance. It is the function of frequency of alternating current flowing in the circuit. It because the impedance comes into picture only when there is a frequency dependent element like inductor or ... Read More

Grounding, also called earthing, is defined as a process of connecting non-current carrying parts like metallic frame of electrical device or some electrical parts of power system like neutral point of a star-connected system to earth or ground. The main purpose of doing grounding in electrical systems is to prevent accidents and damage to the equipment of the system. In this article, we shall discuss about grounding conductor and how to calculate right size of the grounding conductor according to the requirement What is a Grounding Conductor? A wire or conductor in an electrical system which is intentionally connected to ... Read More

What is Voltage? Voltage, also called potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension, is defined as the difference of electric potentials of two points in an electric circuit. In other words, the amount of energy required to move an electric charge from one point to another in an electric circuit is called voltage. Voltage is denoted by the symbol V or v, where V is used to represent a constant voltage, while v is used to represent a time-varying voltage. In this article, we will learn all about voltage, and the methods used for measuring the voltage in an electric ... Read More

In this article, we shall learn about Permeance in magnetic circuits, its definition, formula, unit of measurement, and coefficient. What is Permeance? The measure of the ease with which the magnetic flux can flow through a magnetic material is called Permeance. It is denoted by the symbol P and given by the following expression, $$\mathrm{Permeance, \, P=\frac{1}{Reluctance}\: \: \cdot \cdot \cdot \left ( 1 \right )}$$ Hence, the Permeance may also be defined as the reciprocal of magnetic reluctance. Where, magnetic reluctance is the measure of opposition that a magnetic material or a magnetic circuit offers in the path of ... Read More

Energy is required to perform many functions in day-to-day life. Energy exists in different forms in nature, but the most important form of energy is electrical energy (or electricity). As we can experience, electricity has become an integral part of our life because without electricity we cannot imagine our life. This article is meant for explaining the concept of electricity, its generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization. What is Electricity? Electricity is a form of energy that is a result of subatomic charged particles like electrons, protons, etc. Electricity is one of the major inventions that changed human civilization. In today’s ... Read More

What is SWR Meter? SWR meter stands for Standing Wave Ratio meter, it is a measuring instrument used to measure the standing wave ratio (SWR) in a transmission line or transmitter feeder. It is also known as VSWR or ISWR. There are different types of SWR meters available, however, the working principle of all the SWR meters is the same. In this article, we will discuss the SWR meter along with its working and applications. The SWR meter measures the degree of mismatch between a transmitter feeder and its antenna (load). This measurement is used to know the effectiveness ... Read More

In electrical and electronics engineering, we must deal with measurable quantities. Therefore, as electrical engineers, we have to communicate in a standard language that all professionals can understand, irrespective of the country in which the measurement is performed. Such a standard language of measurement is the International System of Units or SI System. In this article, we will study the international system of units, types of SI units, and advantages and disadvantages of the SI system. What is the International System of Units? The international system of units, abbreviated as SI units, is a modern form of the metric system. ... Read More

In electrical engineering, we frequently come across the following three voltage ratings related to electrical equipment and power system − Nominal Voltage Rated Voltage Operating Voltage In this article, we will discuss all these three terms related to the voltage rating of electrical systems. What is Nominal Voltage? The term nominal voltage means named voltage. The nominal voltage is defined as the voltage value assigned to an electric circuit or system to designate its voltage class. In simple words, the voltage level of an electrical power system is called the nominal voltage of the system. It is also ... Read More

What is Ionization Energy? The minimum amount of energy that an electron in an atom requires to come out of the influence of the nucleus is called ionization energy. In other words, the measure of difficulty that an electron faces in removing from an atom or ion due to nuclear forces is called the ionization energy. Therefore, the ionization energy gives the measure of strength or binding force by which an electron is held in an atom or ion. Ionization energy is sometimes also known as ionization potential. Alternatively, the amount of energy supplied to an isolated atom to extract ... Read More

According to the electron theory of matter, we know that all matter (solid, liquid, or gas) is made of tiny particles called molecules. A molecule in turn is made up of atoms. Thus, atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. An atom consists of a central part called the nucleus, and a space around the nucleus called the extranucleus. The nucleus of an atom contains two particles namely a proton and neutron, while the extra-nucleus contains electrons that revolve around the nucleus in a certain path called the orbit. The electrons in the last orbit are called the ... Read More