Found 158 Articles for Electrical Engineering

A JK flip flop is a type of 1-bit memory element having inputs namely J and K, one clock input, and two output specified by Q and Q'. The JK flip flop is an improved version of SR flip flop which does not have forbidden state. To avoid the forbidden or indeterminate state, the outputs of the JK flip flop are fed back to its inputs. However, due to these feedback paths, a new problem is raised in the circuit, which is called race around condition. Race around condition in the JK flip is a major problem in which the ... Read More

What is an Incompletely Specified Function? In Boolean algebra, a Boolean function or logic function whose output values are known for a subset of its inputs and has output which is a don’t care condition for at least one of its input combinations is called an incompletely specified function. Hence, in an incompletely specified function, the value of the function for don’t care combinations can be selected either a 0 or a 1 depending on the fact that which one leads to be the more minimal solution of the function. For these combinations, the Karnaugh map (K-Map) entry is marked ... Read More

What is a Decoder? In digital electronics, a decoder is a combinational logic circuit which is capable of converting information in binary form N inputs to a maximum of 2N outputs. The block diagram of a typical decoder is shown in Figure-1. It can be seen that a decoder has N input lines to accept binary coded information, an enable input, E to turn on or off the decoder (optional), and 2N unique output lines. The digital decoders are extensively used in several applications in the field of digital electronics such as decoding of data, seven segment displays, data ... Read More

What is a Decoder Driver IC? A type of integrated circuit (IC) which is designed to decode information specified in the binary form is known as decoder driver IC. A decoder driver IC generates output signals to drive different electronic devices like LEDs, electronic relays, electric motors, etc. Decoder driver ICs are most commonly used in electronic systems to convert digital signals specified in binary form into specific output signals that then drive an output device. Types of Decoder Driver ICs Depending on the decoding function performed, there are several types of decoder driver ICs available. Some important types are ... Read More

What is a Logic Function? In digital electronics and Boolean algebra, an expression that have some operations performed on the binary inputs to produce an output in the binary form is called a logic function. Logic functions are also called Boolean functions. Depending on the specified output, there are two types of logic functions namely, Completely specified logic functions Incompletely specified logic functions Now, let us discuss the completely and incompletely specified logic functions individually in detail. Completely Specified Logic Function A logic function or Boolean function which is defined for all possible combinations of input variables is ... Read More

In digital electronics, a flip-flop is a most fundamental memory element used in several electronic circuit to store 1-bit information. A flip-flop is a basically a bistable multivibrator having two stable states. Flip-flops are made up of a combination of logic gates. However, a logic gate itself cannot store information, but when several logic gates are connected in a specific manner, they can store information. Also, flip-flop is the most elementary building block of all sequential logic circuits. The block diagram representation of a flip-flop is shown in Figure-1. A flip-flop has one or more inputs and two outputs, ... Read More

What is a Decoder? A decoder is a combinational logic circuit that converts an N-bit binary input code into a 2N output lines such that only one output line will be active for each one of the possible combinations of inputs. The block diagram of a decoder is shown in Figure-1. Here, A, B, C, etc. are the input lines, Y0, Y1, Y2, … etc. are the output lines, and E is the enable input of the decoder. In this article, we will discuss cascading of decoders. Cascading of Decoders means the process of realizing a higher order decoder ... Read More

What is S-R Flip-Flop? In digital electronics, the S-R flip-flop is a sequential logic circuit that have two inputs, i.e. S and R, and two outputs, i.e. Q and Q'. The input S represent "Set" and the input R represents "Reset". The output Q is the normal output of the flip-flop, and Q' is the inverted output of the flip-flop, it is the complement of the normal output Q of the flip-flop. The S-R flip flop is a one-bit storage device used in several digital electronics systems. The basic block diagram of an S-R flip-flop is shown in Figure-1. ... Read More

In a normal JK flip flop, there is a problem of race around condition when both inputs, i.e. J and K are equal to 1. To overcome this problem, a modified version of JK flip flop is developed which is called master-slave JK flip flop. In other words, the problem of race around is avoided by operating the JK flop in master and slave modes. The Master-Slave J-K Flip Flop is basically a combination of two JK flip flops which are connected in the series manner as shown in the following figure. In the series combination of two JK ... Read More

In digital electronics, a counter is a type of sequential circuit which is made up of flip-flops and is used to count number of clock pulses or events occur over time. There are two major types of counters namely, binary counter and non-binary counter. This article is meant for explaining concept of non-binary counter, its types, design procedure, applications, etc. So let’s begin with the basic definition of non-binary counter. What is a Non-Binary Counter? The type of digital counter that uses a number system (such as base 3, base 7, base 10, etc.) except the binary number system (base ... Read More