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Digital Electronics Articles
Page 29 of 46
Difference between Conduction and Convection
Both conduction and convection are modes of heat transfer from one system to another. When there is a difference in the temperature of two systems, then the transfer of heat takes place from the system of higher temperature to the system of lower temperature.In practice, this transfer of heat takes place in three different modes viz. conduction, convection and radiation. But, in this article, we will only discuss about conduction and convection and how they are different from each other.What is Conduction of Heat?When the transfer of heat takes place from one part of the substance to another part without ...
Read MoreDifference between Battery and Capacitor
Both Battery and Capacitor seem to be similar in the first glance because they store and release the electric energy, but there are many differences between them which we are going to highlight in this article.One of the most significant differences between a battery and a capacitor is that a battery stores electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and again converts it into electrical energy when required, while a capacitor stores electrical energy in the form of electrostatic field.What is a Battery?A battery is a device which is used as the source of energy in electrical and electronic ...
Read MoreDifference between LED and Halogen
LED lamps consume less energy as compared to Halogen lamps. LED lamps are cost efficient too. Read through this article to find out the major differnces between LEDs and Halogen lamps and how they function.What is LED Lamp?An electric lamp which produces light by using light emitting diodes or LEDs is known as an LED lamp or LED light bulb. An LED lamp works on the principle of electroluminescence, i.e. it emits the light due to the interaction of an electric field with a suitable solid.Basically, an LED is a specially doped PN junction diode which is made of special ...
Read MoreParallel RLC Circuit: Analysis and Example Problems
Consider a parallel RLC circuit shown in the figure, where the resistor R, inductor L and capacitor C are connected in parallel and I (RMS) being the total supply current. In a parallel circuit, the voltage V (RMS) across each of the three elements remain same. Hence, for convenience, the voltage may be taken as reference phasor.Here, $$\mathrm{\mathit{V}=\mathit{IZ}=\frac{\mathit{I}}{\mathit{Y}}}$$Where, Z= Total impedance of the parallel circuit, Y=1/Z= Admittance of the parallel circuit.The admittance of the parallel circuit is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{Y}=\frac{1}{\mathit{R}}+\frac{1}{\mathit{j\omega L}}+\mathit{j\omega C}=\frac{1}{\mathit{R}}+ {\mathit{j}}(\mathit{\omega C}-\frac{1}{\mathit{\omega L}})=\mathit{G}+\mathit{jB}}$$Where, G=1/R= Conductance of the circuit, B=1/X= Susceptance of the circuit, $$\mathrm{Magnitude\:of\:admittance, |\mathit{Y}|=\sqrt{(\frac{1}{\mathit{R}})^{2}+(\mathit{\omega C}-\frac{1}{\mathit{\omega L}})^{2}}}$$$$\mathrm{Phase\:angle\:of\:admittance, \:\varphi=\tan^{-1}(\frac{\mathit{\omega ...
Read MoreHow to select a site for a Steam Power Plant?
A thermal power station or steam power plant is a generating station which converts the heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy.To achieve overall economy in power generation, the following factors should be considered while selecting a site for a thermal power plant −Supply of Fuel (Coal)The thermal plant should be located near the coal mines so that the transportation cost is minimum. Although, if the thermal power plant is to be installed at a place where coal is not available near the site, then care should be taken that adequate facilities exist for the transportation of coal.Water AvailabilitySince ...
Read MoreWhat are various systems of power transmission?
Various Systems of Power TransmissionFor the transmission of electrical power from the generating stations to the substations for distribution, there are various types of power transmission systems are adopted. However, for the transmission of electric power, three-phase three wire transmission system is universally adopted.The different possible systems for electric power transmission are discussed below.DC Transmission SystemWhen the electrical power is transmitted using direct current or voltage, then the transmission system is called the DC transmission system. The transmission system can be further classified into following three types −DC Two-Wire SystemDC Two-Wire with Mid-Point EarthedDC Three-Wire SystemSingle Phase AC SystemWhen the ...
Read MoreSinking Fund Method of Depreciation
Depreciation of Power Station EquipmentThe reduction in the value of the equipment and other property of the power station every year is known as depreciation. Therefore, a suitable amount, called depreciation charge, must be set aside annually so that by the time the life span of the power plant is over, the collected amount equals to the cost of the replacement of the power plant.Sinking Fund Method of DepreciationIn the sinking fund method of depreciation, a fixed depreciation charge is made every year and the interest is compounded on it annually. The constant depreciation charge is such that the sum ...
Read MoreWhat are different Units of Energy?
Units of EnergyThe capability of an object to do work is called its energy. In electrical engineering, the most important forms of energy are electrical energy, mechanical energy and thermal energy. Different units of measurement are used for the various forms of energy. Although, the units of electrical, mechanical and thermal energies are interchangeable.The units of various forms of energy are described as follows −Mechanical EnergyThe mechanical energy is defined as the product of force and distance, i.e., $$\mathrm{\mathrm{Mechanical \:energy\:=\:Force\: in \:Newton\:\times \:distance\: in \:meters}}$$Therefore, the SI unit of mechanical energy is Newton-meter (Nm) or Joules (J).The mechanical energy of ...
Read MoreAdvantages and Limitations of High Transmission Voltage
Advantages of High Transmission VoltageElectric power is transmitted at very high voltages due to some technical and economic reasons which are described as follows −1. Reduces the Volume of Conductor MaterialConsider the electric power being transmitting through the three-phase three-wire transmission system.Let, P = Power transmitted (in Watts)V = Line voltage (in Volts)$\mathrm{cos}\:\phi$ = Load power factorR = Resistance per conductor (in ohms)$\mathit{\rho}$ = Resistivity of conductor materiall = length of transmission line (in meters)a = cross sectional area of conductorTherefore, the load current is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{I}\:=\:\frac{\mathit{P}}{\sqrt{3}\mathit{V}\mathrm{cos\:\phi }}}$$And the resistance per conductor is$$\mathrm{\mathit{R}\:=\:\rho \:\frac{\mathit{l}}{\mathit{a}}}$$Thus, the total power loss in ...
Read MoreWhat is Power Factor and Power Triangle?
Power FactorThe cosine of angle between voltage and current in an AC circuit is called the power factor of the circuit. In other words, the power factor is defined as the ratio of active power to the apparent power in the circuit, i.e., $$\mathrm{\mathrm{Power\: factor, }\:\mathrm{cos}\:\phi \:=\:\frac{\mathrm{Active\: power\: (in\: Watts)}}{\mathrm{Apparent\: power \:(in\: VA)}}}$$Where, $\phi$ is the power factor angle.In an AC circuit, there may be a phase difference ($\phi$) between voltage and current. The term cos $\phi$ is called the power factor of the circuit.When the given circuit is inductive, then the current lags behind the voltage and the power ...
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