Found 338 Articles for DBMS

A schema is a logical structure that stores database objects in SQL Server. It offers a method for classifying and organizing database items including tables, views, and processes. There could be instances where you need to delete a schema from your database. The SQL Server DROP SCHEMA command is useful in this situation. We can delete a schema from the database using the DROP SCHEMA statement. For database administrators and developers who wish to effectively control the structure of their databases, the Drop statement is a crucial tool. Syntax DROP SCHEMA [ IF EXISTS ] schema_name; Here, If ... Read More

Making the best option for the organisation's Database Management System (DBMS) is crucial since it may have a big influence on the business's operations and financial resources. When choosing a DBMS, a number of variables come into play, including technical concerns, organisational politics, and economic issues. We may make an educated choice that is in line with the financial objectives and needs of the organisation by being aware of these economic considerations. Factors to Consider Software Acquisition Cost The cost of a software purchase is one of the main economic aspects to consider when selecting a DBMS. This refers ... Read More

Embedded SQL is a powerful method that allows the integration of high−level programming languages with database management systems (DBMS). It acts as a bridge between applications and databases which helps in data manipulation and communication. Various database management systems offer embedded SQL, giving developers the freedom to select the one that best serves their requirements. Popular DBMS that support Embedded SQL are Altibase, IBM Db2, Microsoft SQL Server, Mimer SQL, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL, and SAP Sybase. Need of Embedded SQL The goal to make database interactions simpler for application developers and end users determines the demand for embedded SQL. ... Read More

Encapsulation of Operations Encapsulation of operations refers to the behavior of objects in object−oriented database systems(ODBS)through the responsibilities that can be carried out. Objects can be created, changed, retrieved, or deleted by the use of encapsulation of operations. Customers simply receive knowledge of the operations like interface or signature and aren't made privy to how those operations are honestly achieved. The implementation includes the specification of any hidden internal information systems in addition to the common sense that determines the operations, while the interface presents the call and parameters of each action. ODBs offer a sure stage of abstraction ... Read More

Data Fragmentation The process of dividing the database into smaller multiple parts or sub−tables is called fragmentation. The smaller parts or sub−tables are called fragments and are stored at different locations. Data fragmentation should be done in a way that the reconstruction of the original parent database from the fragments is possible. The restoration can be done using UNION or JOIN operations. Database fragmentation is of three types: Horizontal fragmentation, Vertical fragmentation, and Mixed or Hybrid fragmentation. Horizontal Fragmentation It divides a table horizontally into a group of rows to create multiple fragments or subsets of a table. ... Read More

Files of Mixed Records In DBMS, file organizations are designed to handle records of a single type. However, in most real-world applications, multiple types of entities are interconnected in various ways. To represent relationships among records in different files, fields are connected. For example, a STUDENT record may have a connecting field Major_dept, whose value gives the name of the DEPARTMENT in which the student is majoring. The Major_dept field refers to a DEPARTMENT entity, which should be represented by a record of its own in the DEPARTMENT file. Retrieving field values from two related records requires retrieving one of ... Read More

On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) System is a type of computer system that helps manage transaction-related tasks. These systems are made to quickly handle transactions and queries on the internet. For instance, supermarket's POS (point of sale) system is an example of an OLTP system. Almost every industry nowadays uses OLTP systems to keep track of their transactional data. OLTP systems mainly focus on entering, storing, and retrieving data, which includes daily operations like purchasing, manufacturing, payroll, accounting, etc. Many users use these systems for short transactions. They support simple database queries, which makes it easier for users to get ... Read More

Online Analytical Processing Server (OLAP) is used to enable users to perform analysis on information retrieved from multiple database systems concurrently. It operates on a multidimensional data model. Users can write query data across multiple dimensions, such as location, time, and categories (e.g., Hyderabad-> 2017 -> Sales data). In OLAP, databases are organized into one or more cubes. These cubes are known as Hyper-cubes and represent a multi-dimensional array of data. Each cell within the array corresponds to specific combination of dimension values. The dimensions define the characteristics or attributes. Data can be sliced and diced for analysis by attributes. ... Read More

In DBMS, there are object-relational features that combine elements of object databases with SQL. SQL language is used for relational databases, and it has evolved over time. In the latest standard called SQL:2008, object features have been incorporated, although not all commercial DBMSs have implemented these features yet. Object-relational model refers to the combination of the relational model and object database enhancements. SQL has undergone revisions to include features related to XML as well. Here are some of the object database features included in SQL: Type Constructors New type constructors have been added to specify complex objects. For example, the ... Read More

DBMS supports object-oriented data. It ensures direct correspondence between real-world objects and their representations in the database. This correspondence ensures that objects retain their integrity and identity. It enables easy identification and manipulation. Object Data Management System (ODMS) assigns unique identity to each independent object stored in the database. This unique identity is implemented through a system-generated object identifier (OID). This OID serves as distinct value assigned to each object by the system. It is not visible to external users. However it is internally utilized by the system to ensure the unique identification of each object and to establish and ... Read More